Display apparatus
First Claim
1. A display apparatus comprising:
- a plurality of electrofluidic display elements, each element including;
a volume of a polar fluid,a volume of a non-polar fluid,a first substrate,a second substrate,a conductive film between the first and second substrates that is porous to both the polar fluid and the non-polar fluid, the conductive film arranged relative to the first substrate to define a first channel and a second channel,a first electrode layered with a first dielectric layer, arranged between the conductive film and the first substrate, the first electrode configured to receive a voltage and cause the polar fluid to occupy the first channel,a second electrode including a second dielectric layer, the second electrode arranged between the conductive film and the second substrate, the second electrode configured to receive a voltage and cause the polar fluid to occupy the second channel,a first capacitor comprising the first electrode, the first dielectric layer, and the conductive film, anda second capacitor comprising the second electrode, the second dielectric layer, and the conductive film; and
,driving circuitry including a plurality of switching circuits in electrical communication with the plurality of electrofluidic display elements, where the plurality of switching circuits are configured to supply a switched voltage to the first capacitor and the second capacitor for each of the plurality of electrofluidic display elements, and where a difference in capacitor voltages is configured to change a coverage area of the polar fluid occupying the first channel.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A device, an electrode configuration and a sequence for activating those electrodes for the purpose of switching device states quickly with minimum flicker during bi-stable image reset. The disclosure addresses the constraints of electrofluidic technology: 1) the polar fluid can be attracted to a position with voltage, but it cannot be repelled, and 2) because the polar fluid translates, changing its area against an electrode and thereby changing the capacitance, the time to discharge the capacitor formed by area contact with a polar fluid is significantly smaller than the time to charge a capacitor, which requires translation of the fluid. Setting the grayscale is based on discharging, not charging, when possible. In addition, the use of pixel-level partial reset states reduces the appearance of flicker further by minimizing the change in pixel state during data write/update.
19 Citations
21 Claims
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1. A display apparatus comprising:
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a plurality of electrofluidic display elements, each element including; a volume of a polar fluid, a volume of a non-polar fluid, a first substrate, a second substrate, a conductive film between the first and second substrates that is porous to both the polar fluid and the non-polar fluid, the conductive film arranged relative to the first substrate to define a first channel and a second channel, a first electrode layered with a first dielectric layer, arranged between the conductive film and the first substrate, the first electrode configured to receive a voltage and cause the polar fluid to occupy the first channel, a second electrode including a second dielectric layer, the second electrode arranged between the conductive film and the second substrate, the second electrode configured to receive a voltage and cause the polar fluid to occupy the second channel, a first capacitor comprising the first electrode, the first dielectric layer, and the conductive film, and a second capacitor comprising the second electrode, the second dielectric layer, and the conductive film; and
,driving circuitry including a plurality of switching circuits in electrical communication with the plurality of electrofluidic display elements, where the plurality of switching circuits are configured to supply a switched voltage to the first capacitor and the second capacitor for each of the plurality of electrofluidic display elements, and where a difference in capacitor voltages is configured to change a coverage area of the polar fluid occupying the first channel. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A display apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
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a plurality of electrofluidic display elements, each element including; a volume of a polar fluid, a volume of a non-polar fluid, a first substrate, a second substrate, a conductive film between the first substrate and the second substrate that is porous to both the polar fluid and the non-polar fluid, the conductive film arranged relative to the first substrate to define a first channel occupied by at least one of the polar fluid and the non-polar fluid, a first electrode layered with a first dielectric layer, arranged between the conductive film and the first substrate, the first electrode configured to receive a voltage and cause the polar fluid to occupy the first channel, the conductive film arranged relative to the second substrate to define a second channel occupied by at least one of the polar fluid and the non-polar fluid, a second electrode layered with a second dielectric layer, arranged between the conductive film and the second substrate, the second electrode configured to receive a voltage and cause the polar fluid to occupy the second channel, a first capacitor comprising the first electrode, the first dielectric layer, and the conductive film, a second capacitor comprising the second electrode, the second dielectric layer, and the conductive film, a first spacer interposing the first electrode and the conductive film, a second spacer interposing the second electrode and the conductive film, wherein at least one of the first spacer and the second spacer is translucent and aligned with a translucent region of the conductive film; and
,driving circuitry including a plurality of switching circuits in electrical communication with the first electrode, the second electrode, and a counter electrode, the driving circuitry configured to supply a switched voltage to the first capacitor and the second capacitor of a display element, where a difference in capacitor voltages changes a coverage area of the polar fluid occupying the first channel, and where the driving circuitry is in electrical communication with a light source located behind the first substrate, and where the switched voltages applied to the first capacitor and the second capacitor reposition the polar fluid within the first channel and the second channel and modify the transmitted light.
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Specification