System, method, and apparatus for controlling power output distribution in a hybrid power train

• US 8,781,664 B2
• Filed: 09/25/2012
• Issued: 07/15/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cummins Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Cummins Incorporated
• Inventors: Sujan, Vivek Anand, Books, Martin T., Muralidhar, Praveen, Djan-Sampson, Patrick O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olszewski, John R
• Assistant Examiner(s): McPherson, James M
• Application Number:
  US13/626,454
• Publication Number:
  US 20130184909A1
• Time in Patent Office: 658 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 701/22
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/387 Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/442 Series-parallel switching type
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/02 including control of driveline clutches
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/10 Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/14 in conjunction with braking regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/20 Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/40 Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers power-up or power-down of the driveline B60W30/192
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0008 Feedback, closed loop systems or details of feedback error signal
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/001 Proportional integral [PI] controller
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2050/0056 Low-pass filters
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0633 Turbocharger state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0638 Engine speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/0657 Engine torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/068 Engine exhaust temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/081 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/083 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/1005 Transmission ratio engaged
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 : Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/246 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/248 : Age of storage means
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/305 : Power absorbed by auxiliaries
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2520/10 : Longitudinal speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/00 : Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2530/10 : Weight
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/12 : Brake pedal position
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/021 : Clutch engagement state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/0677 : Engine power
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/086 : Power
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/244 : Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/248 : Current for loading or unloading
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18127 : Regenerative braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18136 : Engine braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/188 : Controlling power parameters of the driveline, e.g. determining the required power
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/1882 : characterised by the working point of the engine, e.g. by using engine output chart
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/192 : Mitigating problems related to power-up or power-down of the driveline, e.g. start-up of a cold engine
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/40 : Engine management systems
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 : Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/84 : Data processing systems or methods, management, administration
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/93 : Conjoint control of different elements

Abstract

A method includes defining an application operating cycle and a number of behavior matrices for a hybrid power train that powers the application, each behavior matrix corresponding to operations of the hybrid power train operating in a parallel configuration. The method includes determining a number of behavior sequences corresponding to the behavior matrices and applied sequentially to the application operating cycle, confirming a feasibility of each of the behavior sequences, determining a fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible behavior sequences, in response to the fitness value determining whether a convergence value indicates that a successful convergence has occurred, and in response to determining that a successful convergence has occurred, determining a calibration matrix in response to the behavior matrices and fitness values. The method includes providing the calibration matrix to a hybrid power train controller.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

defining an application operating cycle for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle includes a hybrid power train structured to power the vehicle and a hybrid power train controller;

defining a plurality of behavior matrices for the hybrid power train, wherein each behavior matrix corresponds to operations of the hybrid power train operating in a parallel configuration, the operations comprising operations of power providing components comprising a portion of the hybrid power train, wherein the power providing components comprise an internal combustion engine and at least one electrical torque provider;

determining a plurality of behavior sequences, each behavior sequence corresponding to one of the behavior matrices and comprising a sequential set of values comprising the corresponding behavior matrix applied sequentially to the application operating cycle;

confirming whether each of the behavior sequences is feasible;

determining a fitness value corresponding to each of the behavior sequences confirmed to be feasible;

in response to the fitness value corresponding to each of the confirmed feasible behavior sequences, determining whether a convergence value indicates that a successful convergence has occurred by determining whether an incremental improvement in a characteristic fitness value is lower than a convergence threshold value;

in response to determining that a successful convergence has occurred, determining a calibration matrix in response to the behavior matrices and the fitness values; and

controlling the hybrid power train with the hybrid power train controller in response to the calibration matrix.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, in response to determining that the successful convergence has not occurred, determining a plurality of child behavior matrices in response to the plurality of behavior matrices and the fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible behavior sequences, confirming the feasibility of each of the child behavior sequences resulting from the child behavior matrices, determining the fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible child behavior sequences, and in response to the fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible child behavior sequences further determining whether the convergence value indicates that the successful convergence has occurred.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the confirming the feasibility of each behavior sequence and child behavior sequence comprises determining whether an electrical limit is exceeded in the corresponding behavior sequence.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining a plurality of child behavior matrices includes selecting a plurality of parent behavior matrices from the behavior matrices in response to the corresponding fitness functions.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising selecting parent behavior matrices according to an operation selected from the operations consisting of:

selecting the most fit behavior matrices having feasible parent behavior matrices, and selecting behavior matrices having a survival probability related to the corresponding fitness function.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising crossing over behavior parameters between two parent behavior matrices to determine a child behavior matrix.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising applying a random change to a parameter of the child behavior matrix.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein each of the behavior matrices and each of the child behavior matrices comprise:

a plurality of hybrid power train operating conditions and a behavior vector corresponding to each of the hybrid power train operating conditions;

wherein each behavior vector comprises a power division description for the power providing devices.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of hybrid power train operating conditions include a machine shaft speed and a machine power demand.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the power division description comprises a total electrical contribution and an internal combustion engine contribution.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the power division description comprises an internal combustion engine contribution, a power contribution of a first electrical torque provider, and a power contribution of a second electrical torque provider.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein each contribution includes a discrete number of possible states, and wherein each behavior matrix includes the discrete number of possible states corresponding to the contribution.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising allowing the discrete number of possible states corresponding to a contribution to vary.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising allowing the discrete number of possible states of the internal combustion engine contribution to vary.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristic fitness value includes a best fitness value.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising performing a sensitivity check on a behavior matrix corresponding to the best fitness value.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising performing the sensitivity check in response to the incremental improvement in the characteristic fitness value exceeding an acute convergence threshold value.

18. A method, comprising:

defining an application operating cycle for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle includes a hybrid power train structured to power the vehicle and a hybrid power train controller configured to control the hybrid power train;

defining a plurality of behavior matrices for the hybrid power train, wherein each behavior matrix corresponds to operations of the hybrid power train operating in a parallel configuration, the operations comprising operations of power providing components comprising a portion of the hybrid power train, wherein the power providing components comprise an internal combustion engine and at least one electrical torque provider;

determining a plurality of behavior sequences, each behavior sequence corresponding to one of the behavior matrices and comprising a sequential set of values comprising the corresponding behavior matrix applied sequentially to the application operating cycle;

confirming whether each of the behavior sequences is feasible;

determining a fitness value corresponding to each of the behavior sequences confirmed to be feasible;

in response to the fitness value corresponding to each of the confirmed feasible behavior sequences, determining whether a convergence value indicates that a successful convergence has occurred by determining whether an incremental improvement in a characteristic fitness value is lower than a convergence threshold value; and

in response to determining that a successful convergence has occurred, determining a calibration matrix in response to the behavior matrices and the fitness values; and

controlling the hybrid power train with the hybrid power train controller in response to the calibration matrix.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the application operating cycle comprises a driving route.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising determining a plurality of calibration matrices, each calibration matrix corresponding to one of a plurality of driving routes, wherein each of the driving routes corresponds to a distinct duty cycle characteristic.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising, in response to the operating the hybrid power train, determining a real-time duty cycle characteristic of the hybrid power train, and selecting one of the plurality of calibration matrices in response to the real-time duty cycle characteristic and the distinct duty cycle characteristic corresponding to the driving routes.

22. The method of claim 20, further comprising interpolating between two of the calibration matrices in response to the real-time duty cycle characteristic and the distinct duty cycle characteristic corresponding to the driving routes.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the application operating cycle includes a plurality of discrete driving routes having a similar duty cycle characteristic.

24. The method of claim 18, further comprising downloading run-time data of the hybrid power train to an external computer, selecting at least a portion of the run-time data as the application operating cycle, and generating a second calibration matrix in response to the run-time data.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the external computer comprises one of a computer on-board a vehicle having the hybrid power train and a computer external to the vehicle having the hybrid power train.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein the original calibration matrix is utilized as a parent behavior matrix.

27. The method of claim 24, further comprising limiting an amount of change between the calibration matrix and the second calibration matrix.

28. The method of claim 24, wherein the run-time data is compressed and stored on a controller of the hybrid power train until the downloading.

29. A method, comprising:

defining an application operating cycle for a vehicle, wherein the vehicle includes a hybrid power train structured to power the vehicle and a hybrid power train controller configured to control the hybrid power train;

defining a plurality of behavior matrices for the hybrid power train, wherein each behavior matrix corresponds to operations of the hybrid power train operating in a parallel configuration, the operations comprising operations of power providing components comprising a portion of the hybrid power train, wherein the power providing components comprise an internal combustion engine and at least one electrical torque provider;

determining a plurality of behavior sequences, each behavior sequence corresponding to one of the behavior matrices and comprising a sequential set of values comprising the corresponding behavior matrix applied sequentially to the application operating cycle;

determining a fitness value corresponding to each of the behavior sequences;

in response to the fitness value corresponding to each of the behavior sequences, determining whether a convergence value indicates that a successful convergence has occurred by determining whether an incremental improvement in a characteristic fitness value is lower than a convergence threshold value; and

in response to determining that a successful convergence has occurred, determining a calibration matrix in response to the behavior matrices and the fitness values; and

controlling the hybrid power train with the hybrid power train controller in response to the calibration matrix.

30. The method of claim 29, further comprising, in response to determining that the successful convergence has not occurred, determining a plurality of child behavior matrices in response to the plurality of behavior matrices and the fitness value corresponding to each of the behavior sequences, determining the fitness value corresponding to each of the child behavior sequences, and in response to the fitness value corresponding to each of the child behavior sequences further determining whether the convergence value indicates that the successful convergence has occurred.

31. The method of claim 29, further comprising confirming a feasibility of each of the behavior sequences, wherein the determining the fitness value comprises determining the fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible sequences.

32. The method of claim 31, further comprising, in response to determining that the successful convergence has not occurred, determining a plurality of child behavior matrices in response to the plurality of behavior matrices and the fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible behavior sequences, confirming the feasibility of each of the child behavior sequences resulting from the child behavior matrices, determining the fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible child behavior sequences, and in response to the fitness value corresponding to each of the feasible child behavior sequences further determining whether the convergence value indicates that the successful convergence has occurred.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the confirming the feasibility of each behavior sequence and child behavior sequence comprises determining whether an emissions limit is exceeded in the corresponding behavior sequence.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein the confirming the feasibility of each behavior sequence and child behavior sequence comprises determining whether an aftertreatment regeneration capability is provided in the corresponding behavior sequence.

35. The method of claim 29, wherein the parallel configuration constrains the engine, the first electrical torque provider, and the second electrical torque provider to operate at one of a uniform speed or at a fixed ratio of speeds.

36. The method of claim 29, wherein the fitness value comprises a fuel economy cost.

37. The method of claim 29, wherein the fitness value comprises an emissions cost.

38. The method of claim 29, wherein the fitness value comprises a secondary cost of emissions.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the secondary cost of emissions comprises at least one secondary cost selected from the secondary costs consisting of:

a service life cost of an aftertreatment device, an operating cost of the aftertreatment device, and an aftertreatment device regeneration cost of the aftertreatment device.