Photoelectrochemical cell

• US 8,791,354 B2
• Filed: 05/13/2005
• Issued: 07/29/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/31/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
• Inventors: Iwasaki, Yasukazu
• Primary Examiner(s): Wilkins, III, Harry D
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mendez, Zulmariam
• Application Number:
  US11/569,836
• Publication Number:
  US 20080286643A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,364 Days
• Field of Search: 204/252, 204/242, 429/111, 136/243, 136/252
• US Class Current: 136/243
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/802 Photocatalytic
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/326 in electrochemical cells
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/62 Carbon oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/864 Removing carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 1/55 Photoelectrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 9/2013 the electrolyte comprising ionic liquids, e.g. alkyl imidazolium iodide
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 9/2018 characterised by the ionic charge transport species, e.g. redox shuttles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 14/005 Photoelectrochemical storage cells light sensitive devices H01G9/20, semiconductors sensitive to light H01L31/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/542 Dye sensitized solar cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/133 Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2

Abstract

A photoelectrochemical cell (1) includes an electrolyte container (3) containing an ionic liquid (2), and a partitioning membrane (4) dividing an interior of the electrolyte container (3) into two being a CO₂ capturing chamber (7) and a CO₂ releasing chamber (8), having side walls opposing each other, with the partitioning membrane (4) in between, either as a carbon electrode (5) and the other as a photoelectrode (6). A redox mediator (B) has different bonding forces to carbon dioxide, as it appears as an oxidant B_ox and a reductant B_red, of which that one which has a greater bonding force serves as an intermediary chemical species carrying carbon dioxide to one of the paired electrodes (5, 6). Over the CO₂ releasing chamber (10), an upper wall portion (10) is formed, which has a CO₂ take-out port (10A) formed therein, for making use of oxidation and reduction of the redox mediator to achieve separation and concentration of carbon dioxide, converting photo energy of sunlight into electric power.

Claims

1. A photoelectrochemical cell comprising:

a container containing electrolyte in which a redox mediator is contained;

at least one pair of electrodes mutually spaced to be in contact with the electrolyte, with at least one electrode thereof being an optical electrode having a photocatalyst configured for light irradiation thereon to produce an excited electron, and the optical electrode being adapted to convert light energy to electric power;

an introducing portion, provided in the container, for introducing carbon dioxide directly into the electrolyte contained in the container; and

a take-out port, provided in the container, for directly taking out carbon dioxide outside from the electrolyte contained in the container,

wherein the redox mediator is a mediation chemical species such that an oxidant and a reductant thereof exhibit different bonding forces to carbon dioxide, the one exhibiting the higher bonding force carrying carbon dioxide, which is introduced from the introducing portion into the electrolyte, to the optical electrode, thereby allowing carbon dioxide carried to the optical electrode from an end of the other electrode of the at least one pair of electrodes to be taken out outside from the take-out port.

2. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte has a solvent comprising a nonaqueous solvent.

3. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte has a solvent comprising an ionic liquid.

4. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein a gas containing carbon dioxide is supplied in the electrolyte at an electrode side where the mediation chemical species is recovered.

5. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, further characterized by a partitioning membrane for separation between the electrolyte at an electrode side where the mediation chemical species is recovered and the electrolyte at an electrode side where the mediation chemical species transfers carbon dioxide, and for ion conduction therebetween.

6. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein one electrode adapted for recovery of the mediation chemical species has a porous structure configured for prevention of permeation of liquid and for permeation of gas.

7. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein the electrode adapted for recovery of the mediation chemical species is configured to contact the electrolyte at one principal side thereof and to contact a gas containing carbon dioxide at the other principal side thereof.

8. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical electrode is configured to shield ultraviolet rays striking to the photocatalyst.

9. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical electrode comprises a photocatalyst film contacting the electrolyte, and a transparent collector film provided with the photocatalyst film, the photocatalyst film or the collector film having a light shielding effect.

10. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical electrode is photosensitized with a light-absorbing dye.

11. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein a solar cell is electrically connected in series to the pair of electrodes.

12. The photoelectrochemical cell as claimed in claim 1, characterized by a solar cell laminated on the photoelectrochemical cell.