Systems and methods for replacing signal artifacts in a glucose sensor data stream

• US 8,821,400 B2
• Filed: 02/09/2011
• Issued: 09/02/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 08/22/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: DexCom Incorporated
• Original Assignee: DexCom Incorporated
• Inventors: Goode, Paul V. Jr., Brauker, James H., Kamath, Apurv U., Thrower, James Patrick, Carr-Brendel, Victoria
• Primary Examiner(s): D'Angelo, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): JANG, CHRISTIAN YONGKYUN
• Application Number:
  US13/023,776
• Publication Number:
  US 20110130970A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,301 Days
• Field of Search: 600/345, 600/347, 600/365
• US Class Current: 600/365
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0223 of calibration, e.g. protocols for calibrating sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0247 Pressure sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0271 Thermal or temperature sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/08 Sensors provided with means for identification, e.g. barcodes or memory chips
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0004 characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0031 Implanted circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14539 for measuring pH
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14542 for measuring blood gases A61B5/14551 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1473 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter A61B5/1482 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14865 invasive, e.g. introduced into the body by a catheter or needle or using implanted sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1495 Calibrating or testing of in-vivo probes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7257 using Fourier transforms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/726 using Wavelet transforms
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7278 Artificial waveform generation or derivation, e.g. synthesising signals from measured signals A61B5/327 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/742 using visual displays A61B5/339 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7475 User input or interface means, e.g. keyboard, pointing device, joystick

Abstract

Systems and methods for minimizing or eliminating transient non-glucose related signal noise due to non-glucose rate limiting phenomenon such as ischemia, pH changes, temperatures changes, and the like. The system monitors a data stream from a glucose sensor and detects signal artifacts that have higher amplitude than electronic or diffusion-related system noise. The system replaces some or the entire data stream continually or intermittently including signal estimation methods that particularly address transient signal artifacts. The system is also capable of detecting the severity of the signal artifacts and selectively applying one or more signal estimation algorithm factors responsive to the severity of the signal artifacts, which includes selectively applying distinct sets of parameters to a signal estimation algorithm or selectively applying distinct signal estimation algorithms.

Claims

1. A method for processing data from a glucose sensor, comprising:

monitoring a data stream from a glucose sensor;

detecting transient non-glucose related signal artifacts in the data stream and evaluating a severity, wherein evaluating a severity comprises evaluating whether the one or more first estimated glucose values is outside a predetermined range, wherein the predetermined range is defined by boundaries derived from a projected rate of change and/or acceleration of the one or more first estimated glucose values; and

replacing with an electronic device at least some of the signal artifacts with one or more second estimated glucose values in response to the evaluated severity meeting a criterion.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein replacing transient non-glucose related signal artifacts further comprises selectively applying one of a plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors in response to the severity of the signal artifacts.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors comprises a single algorithm with a plurality of parameters that are selectively applied to the algorithm.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors comprises a plurality of distinct algorithms.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein selectively applying one of a plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors comprises selectively applying a predetermined algorithm that comprises a set of parameters whose values depend on the severity of the signal artifacts.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein replacing at least some of the signal artifacts with the one or more second estimated glucose values comprises outputting data representative of the one or more second estimated glucose values, wherein the data comprises at least one of a numeric representation of the one or more second estimated glucose values, an indication of directional trend of the one or more second estimated glucose values, or a graphical representation of the one or more second estimated glucose values.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising filtering the data stream, wherein the one or more second estimated glucose values are based on the filtered data stream.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the one or more first estimated glucose values are based on an unfiltered data stream.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring a data stream comprises receiving data from at least one of a non-invasive glucose sensor, a minimally invasive glucose sensor, or an invasive glucose sensor.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein monitoring a data stream comprises receiving data from at least one of an enzymatic glucose sensor, a chemical glucose sensor, a physical glucose sensor, an electrochemical glucose sensor, a spectrophotometric glucose sensor, a polarimetric glucose sensor, a calorimetric glucose sensor, an iontophoretic glucose sensor, or a radiometric glucose sensor.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting transient non-glucose related signal artifacts further comprises at least one of:

testing for ischemia within or proximal to the glucose sensor;

monitoring a level of pH proximal to the sensor;

monitoring a temperature proximal to the sensor;

comparing a level of pH proximal to and distal to the sensor;

comparing a temperature proximal to and distal to the sensor;

monitoring a pressure or stress within the glucose sensor;

evaluating historical data for high amplitude noise above a predetermined threshold;

performing a Cone of Possibility Detection Method;

evaluating the data stream for a non-physiological rate-of-change;

monitoring the frequency content of the data stream;

performing an orthogonal basis function-based transform;

performing a Fourier Transform;

or performing a wavelet transform.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein replacing at least some of the signal artifacts comprises at least one of:

performing linear or non-linear regression;

performing a trimmed mean;

filtering using a non-recursive filter;

filtering using a finite impulse response filter;

filtering using a recursive filter;

filtering using an infinite impulse response filter;

performing a maximum average algorithm;

or performing a Cone of Possibility Replacement Method.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein replacing at least some of the signal artifacts is substantially continual.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding at least some of the signal artifacts.

15. The method of claim 1, further comprising calibrating the data stream.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein detecting transient non-glucose related signal artifacts in the data stream is performed on the calibrated data stream.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein replacing at least some of the signal artifacts with the one or more second estimated glucose values comprises outputting or displaying the one or more second estimated glucose values.

18. The method of claim 1, further comprising filtering the monitored data stream.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the data stream comprises a filtered data stream.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein the data stream comprises a raw data stream.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting transient non-glucose related signal artifacts further comprises comparing the rate-of-change with a preselected value.

22. The method of claim 1, further comprising outputting the one or more second estimated glucose values.

23. The method of claim 1, further comprising outputting the data stream.

24. The method of claim 1, further comprising discarding the one or more first estimated glucose values if the one or more first estimated glucose values is outside the predetermined range.

25. The method of claim 1, further comprising replacing the one or more first estimated glucose values with a predetermined limit value if the one or more first estimated glucose values is outside the predetermined range.

26. The method of claim 1, further comprising storing the one or more second estimated glucose values.

27. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the one or more second estimated glucose values.

28. A method for processing data from a glucose sensor, comprising:

monitoring a data stream from a glucose sensor;

detecting transient non-glucose related signal artifacts in the data stream and evaluating a severity thereof; and

replacing, with an electronic device, at least some of the signal artifacts with one or more estimated glucose values using a maximum-average calculation in response to the evaluated severity meeting a criterion.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the maximum-average calculation comprises selecting a maximum value from the data stream for an interval and averaging the maximum value associated with the interval with at least one maximum value associated with at least one previous interval.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the interval comprises a time period.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein replacing transient non-glucose related signal artifacts further comprises selectively applying one of a plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors in response to the severity of the signal artifacts.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors comprises a single algorithm with a plurality of parameters that are selectively applied to the algorithm.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors comprises a plurality of distinct algorithms.

34. The method of claim 31, wherein selectively applying one of a plurality of signal estimation algorithm factors comprises selectively applying a predetermined algorithm that comprises a set of parameters whose values depend on the severity of the signal artifacts.

35. The method of claim 28, wherein replacing at least some of the signal artifacts with one or more estimated glucose values comprises outputting data representative of the one or more estimated glucose values, wherein the data comprises at least one of a numeric representation of the one or more estimated glucose values, an indication of directional trend of the one or more estimated glucose values, or a graphical representation of the one or more estimated glucose values.

36. The method of claim 28, wherein monitoring a data stream comprises receiving data from at least one of a non-invasive glucose sensor, a minimally invasive glucose sensor, or an invasive glucose sensor.

37. The method of claim 28, wherein monitoring a data stream comprises receiving data from at least one of an enzymatic glucose sensor, a chemical glucose sensor, a physical glucose sensor, an electrochemical glucose sensor, a spectrophotometric glucose sensor, a polarimetric glucose sensor, a calorimetric glucose sensor, an iontophoretic glucose sensor, or a radiometric glucose sensor.

38. The method of claim 28, wherein detecting transient non-glucose related signal artifacts further comprises at least one of:

testing for ischemia within or proximal to the glucose sensor;

monitoring a level of pH proximal to the sensor;

monitoring a temperature proximal to the sensor;

comparing a level of pH proximal to and distal to the sensor;

comparing a temperature proximal to and distal to the sensor;

monitoring a pressure or stress within the glucose sensor;

evaluating historical data for high amplitude noise above a predetermined threshold;

performing a Cone of Possibility Detection Method;

evaluating the data stream for a non-physiological rate-of-change;

monitoring the frequency content of the data stream;

performing an orthogonal basis function-based transform;

performing a Fourier Transform;

or performing a wavelet transform.

39. The method of claim 28, wherein replacing at least some of the signal artifacts with one or more estimated glucose values comprises outputting or displaying the one or more estimated glucose values.