Systems/methods of transmitting information via baseband waveforms comprising frequency content agility and an orthogonality therebetween

• US 8,855,230 B1
• Filed: 05/27/2014
• Issued: 10/07/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 06/22/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Odyssey Wireless, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Odyssey Wireless, Inc.
• Inventors: Karabinis, Peter D.
• Primary Examiner(s): FILE, ERIN M
• Application Number:
  US14/287,473
• Publication Number:
  US 20140321571A1
• Time in Patent Office: 133 Days
• Field of Search: 375/295
• US Class Current: 375/295
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/69 Spread spectrum techniques
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7097 Interference-related aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/70715 with application-specific features
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 1/00 Secret communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 2203/18 for wireless local area networks or WLAN
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/25 based on characteristics of target signal or of transmission as countermeasure against surveillance H04K3/827, e.g. using direct sequence spread spectrum or fast frequency hopping spread spectrum techniques H04B1/69
• CPC Class Codes: H04K 3/827 using characteristics of target signal or of transmission as countermeasure against jamming H04K3/25, e.g. using direct sequence spread spectrum or fast frequency hopping spread spectrum techniques H04B1/69
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0043 Realisations of complexity reduction techniques, e.g. use of look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/009 arrangements specific to transmitters
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0091 arrangements specific to receivers, e.g. format detection detection of data rate H04L25/0262; detection of coding rate H04L1/0046
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 23/02 adapted for orthogonal signalling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03834 using pulse shaping
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03866 using scrambling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03987 Equalisation for sparse channels
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0007 the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/04 Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/06 Authentication
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/08 Access security
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 12/50 Secure pairing of devices
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/18 : for allowing seamless reselection, e.g. soft reselection
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 36/185 : using make before break
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/02 : Access restriction performed under specific conditions
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/045 : using private Base Stations, e.g. femto Base Stations, home Node B
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/08 : Access point devices

Abstract

Communications systems and/or methods are disclosed that may be used to convey information by forming, and then using, a plurality of frequency agile baseband waveforms, wherein any two different waveforms of the plurality of frequency agile baseband waveforms comprise an orthogonality therebetween. The systems/methods disclosed can convey information by mapping an information sequence into a baseband waveform sequence that includes waveforms of the plurality of baseband waveforms, and by transmitting the baseband waveform sequence. Such systems and/or methods can provide extreme privacy, cognitive radio capability, robustness to fading and interference, communications performance associated with M-ary orthonormal signaling and/or high multiple-access capacity.

Claims

1. A communications method comprising:

forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape;

then

generating at baseband a waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape; and

then

transmitting and/or receiving information by transmitting and/or receiving at a transmitter and/or at a receiver a plurality of elements of the waveform sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency;

wherein said generating at baseband a waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape comprises;

generating at baseband a discrete time-domain waveform U(nT) without resorting to chipping with a binary waveform;

wherein n denotes a discrete time index of U(nT);

n=1, 2, . . . , N;

NT≦

τ

;

τ

denotes a time span of the discrete time-domain waveform U(nT); and

T>

0;

wherein said transmitting and/or receiving information by transmitting and/or receiving at a transmitter and/or at a receiver a plurality of elements of the waveform sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency comprises;

transmitting and/or receiving elements of U(nT) sequentially via the single carrier frequency by transmitting and/or receiving U(T) via the single carrier frequency, followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(2T) via the single carrier frequency, . . . , followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(NT) via the single carrier frequency; and

wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape comprises;

processing at baseband devoid of chipping with a binary waveform;

using at baseband a first plurality of frequencies to form the desired spectrum shape over a first time interval; and

using at baseband a second plurality of frequencies to form the desired spectrum shape over a second time interval;

wherein the first plurality of frequencies differs from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

2. The communications method according to claim 1, wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape comprises processing at the transmitter.

3. The communications method according to claim 1, wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape comprises processing at a distance from the transmitter a result of which is then relayed to the transmitter.

4. The communications method according to claim 1, wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape further comprises:

forming the desired spectrum shape to include a first frequency set comprising a first spectral level that is non-zero and to also include a second frequency set comprising a second spectral level that is also non-zero.

5. The communications method according to claim 4, further comprising:

separating the first and second frequency sets by a third frequency set comprising a spectral level that is substantially zero.

6. The communications method according to claim 1, wherein said generating at baseband a waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape further comprises:

generating at baseband first and second waveforms comprising respective first and second time durations that differ therebetween.

7. The communications method according to claim 1, further comprising:

generating pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received at least one of a first and second waveforms;

wherein said generating pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received is responsive to a predetermined statistical distribution.

8. The communications method according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined statistical distribution comprises a Gaussian distribution.

9. The communications method according to claim 1, wherein the waveform is devoid of a regularly repeating peak amplitude level while the transmitter and/or receiver is/are transmitting and/or receiving information.

10. The communications method according to claim 7, wherein each one of the first and second waveforms comprises a waveform that is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of the information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received;

and wherein the first and second waveforms comprise a statistical independence and an orthogonality therebetween.

11. The communications method according to claim 1, wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape and said generating at baseband a waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape comprise:

using a Fourier transform and an inverse Fourier transform, respectively.

12. A communications method comprising:

forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape to include at least one frequency that provides a frequency content to a waveform and to also include at least one frequency that is excluded from providing a frequency content to the waveform;

then

generating at baseband the waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape; and

then

transmitting and/or receiving information by transmitting and/or receiving at a transmitter and/or at a receiver a plurality of elements of the waveform sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency;

wherein said generating at baseband the waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape comprises;

generating a discrete time-domain waveform U(nT) without resorting to chipping with a binary waveform;

wherein n denotes a discrete time index of U(nT);

n=1, 2, . . . , N;

NT≦

τ

;

τ

denotes a time span of the discrete time-domain waveform U(nT); and

T>

0;

wherein said transmitting and/or receiving information by transmitting and/or receiving at a transmitter and/or at a receiver a plurality of elements of the waveform sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency comprises;

transmitting and/or receiving elements of U(nT) sequentially via the single carrier frequency by transmitting and/or receiving U(T) via the single carrier frequency, followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(2T) via the single carrier frequency, . . . , followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(NT) via the single carrier frequency; and

wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape comprises;

processing at baseband devoid of chipping with a binary waveform;

using at baseband a first plurality of frequencies to form the desired spectrum shape over a first time interval; and

using at baseband a second plurality of frequencies to form the desired spectrum shape over a second time interval;

wherein the first plurality of frequencies differs from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

13. The communications method according to claim 12, wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape comprises processing at the transmitter.

14. The communications method according to claim 12, wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape comprises processing at a distance from the transmitter a result of which is then relayed to the transmitter.

15. The communications method according to claim 12, wherein said forming at baseband a desired spectrum shape further comprises:

forming the desired spectrum shape to include a first frequency set comprising a first spectral level that is non-zero and to also include a second frequency set comprising a second spectral level that is also non-zero.

16. The communications method according to claim 15, further comprising:

separating the first and second frequency sets by a third frequency set comprising a spectral level that is substantially zero.

17. The communications method according to claim 12, wherein said generating at baseband the waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape further comprises:

generating at baseband first and second waveforms comprising respective first and second time durations that differ therebetween.

18. The communications method according to claim 12, further comprising:

generating pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received at least one of a first and second waveforms;

wherein said generating pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received is responsive to a predetermined statistical distribution.

19. The communications method according to claim 18, wherein the predetermined statistical distribution comprises a Gaussian distribution.

20. The communications method according to claim 12, wherein the waveform is devoid of a regularly repeating peak amplitude level while the transmitter and/or receiver is/are transmitting and/or receiving information.

21. The communications method according to claim 18, wherein each one of the first and second waveforms comprises a waveform that is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of the information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received;

and wherein the first and second waveforms comprise a statistical independence and an orthogonality therebetween.

22. The communications method according to claim 12, wherein said forming at baseband and said generating at baseband comprise:

using a Fourier transform and an inverse Fourier transform, respectively.

23. A communications system comprising:

a processor that is configured to form at baseband a desired spectrum shape and to generate at baseband a waveform responsive to the desired spectrum shape; and

a transmitter and/or receiver that is/are configured to transmit and/or receive information by transmitting and/or receiving a plurality of elements of the waveform sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency;

wherein the waveform comprises a discrete time-domain waveform U(nT);

n denotes a discrete time index of U(nT);

n=1, 2, . . . , N;

NT≦

τ

;

τ

denotes a time span of the discrete time-domain waveform U(nT); and

T>

0;

wherein the transmitter and/or receiver is/are further configured to transmit and/or receive elements of U(nT) sequentially via the single carrier frequency by transmitting and/or receiving U(T) via the single carrier frequency, followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(2T) via the single carrier frequency, . . . , followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(NT) via the single carrier frequency; and

wherein the processor is configured to form at baseband the desired spectrum shape, without resorting to chipping with a binary waveform, to include;

a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval; and

a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval;

wherein the first plurality of frequencies differs from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

24. The communications system according to claim 23, wherein the processor is further configured to form the desired spectrum shape to include:

a first frequency set comprising a first spectral level that is non-zero and to also include a second frequency set comprising a second spectral level that is also non-zero.

25. The communications system according to claim 24, wherein the processor and/or the transmitter is/are further configured to:

separate the first and second frequency sets by a third frequency set comprising a spectral level that is substantially zero.

26. The communications system according to claim 23, wherein said processor is further configured to generate at baseband first and second waveforms comprising respective first and second time durations that differ therebetween.

27. The communications system according to claim 23, wherein the waveform comprises first and second waveforms at least one of which is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received, responsive to a predetermined statistical distribution.

28. The communications system according to claim 27, wherein the predetermined statistical distribution comprises a Gaussian distribution.

29. The communications system according to claim 23, wherein the waveform is devoid of a regularly repeating peak amplitude level while the transmitter and/or receiver is/are transmitting and/or receiving information.

30. The communications system according to claim 27, wherein each one of the first and second waveforms comprises a waveform that is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of the information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received;

and wherein the first and second waveforms comprise a statistical independence and an orthogonality therebetween.

31. The communications system according to claim 23, wherein said processor is configured to form at baseband the desired spectrum shape and to generate at baseband the waveform, responsive to the desired spectrum shape, by using a Fourier transform and an inverse Fourier transform, respectively.

32. The communications system according to claim 23, wherein the processor and the transmitter/receiver are substantially co-located therebetween.

33. The communications system according to claim 23, wherein the processor and the transmitter/receiver are substantially spaced apart therebetween.

34. A communications system comprising:

a processor that is configured to form at baseband a desired spectrum shape, without resorting to chipping with a binary waveform, comprising at least one frequency that provides a frequency content to a waveform and at least one frequency that is excluded from providing a frequency content to the waveform; and

to generate the waveform at baseband responsive to the desired spectrum shape by generating a discrete time-domain waveform U(nT);

wherein n denotes a discrete time index of U(nT);

n=1, 2, . . . , N;

NT≦

τ

;

τ

denotes a time span of the discrete time-domain waveform U(nT); and

T>

0; and

a transmitter and/or receiver that is/are configured to transmit and/or receive information by transmitting and/or receiving a plurality of elements of the waveform sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency by transmitting and/or receiving U(T) via the single carrier frequency, followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(2T) via the single carrier frequency, . . . , followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(NT) via the single carrier frequency;

wherein the processor is further configured to form at baseband the desired spectrum shape to include;

a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval; and

a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval;

wherein the first plurality of frequencies differs from the second plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

35. The communications system according to claim 34, wherein the processor is further configured to form the desired spectrum shape to include:

a first frequency set comprising a first spectral level that is non-zero and to also include a second frequency set comprising a second spectral level that is also non-zero.

36. The communications system according to claim 35, wherein the processor and/or the transmitter is/are further configured to:

separate the first and second frequency sets by a third frequency set comprising a spectral level that is substantially zero.

37. The communications system according to claim 34, wherein said processor is further configured to generate at baseband first and second waveforms comprising respective first and second time durations that differ therebetween.

38. The communications system according to claim 34, wherein the waveform comprises first and second waveforms at least one of which is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received, responsive to a predetermined statistical distribution.

39. The communications system according to claim 38, wherein the predetermined statistical distribution comprises a Gaussian distribution.

40. The communications system according to claim 34, wherein the waveform is devoid of a regularly repeating peak amplitude level while the transmitter and/or receiver is/are transmitting and/or receiving information.

41. The communications system according to claim 38, wherein each one of the first and second waveforms comprises a waveform that is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of the information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received;

and wherein the first and second waveforms comprise a statistical independence and an orthogonality therebetween.

42. The communications system according to claim 34, wherein said processor is configured to form at baseband the desired spectrum shape for the waveform and to generate the waveform at baseband, responsive to the desired spectrum shape, by using a Fourier transform and an inverse Fourier transform, respectively.

43. The communications system according to claim 34, wherein the processor and the transmitter/receiver are substantially co-located therebetween.

44. The communications system according to claim 34, wherein the processor and the transmitter/receiver are substantially spaced apart therebetween.

45. A communications method comprising:

selecting a frequency interval over which a waveform U(nT) is to exist;

wherein n denotes a discrete time index and wherein n=1, 2, . . . , N;

T>

0;

allowing at least one frequency that is included in the selected frequency interval to provide a frequency content to the waveform U(nT);

excluding at least one frequency that is included in the selected frequency interval from providing a frequency content to the waveform U(nT);

forming at baseband the waveform U(nT) comprising a plurality of elements U(T), U(2T), . . . , U(NT), corresponding to respective integer values 1, 2, . . . , N of the discrete time index n; and

transmitting and/or receiving information by transmitting and/or receiving at a transmitter and/or at a receiver, the plurality of elements U(T), U(2T), . . . , U(NT) of the waveform U(nT) sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency by first transmitting and/or receiving U(T) via the single carrier frequency, followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(2T) via the single carrier frequency, . . . , followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(NT) via the single carrier frequency;

wherein said forming at baseband the waveform U(nT) is devoid of chipping with a binary waveform and further comprises;

generating at baseband a first waveform using a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval; and

generating at baseband a second waveform using a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval;

wherein the second plurality of frequencies differs from the first plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

46. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein said forming at baseband the waveform U(nT) further comprises:

forming a first frequency set comprising a first spectral level that is non-zero and a second frequency set comprising a second spectral level that is also non-zero.

47. The communications method according to claim 46, further comprising:

separating the first and second frequency sets by a third frequency set comprising a spectral level that is substantially zero.

48. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein said selecting a frequency interval over which a waveform U(nT) is to exist comprises:

identifying frequencies over the selected frequency interval to be used to communicate; and

reducing a measure of interference by preferentially using the identified frequencies while refraining from using frequencies other than the identified frequencies over the selected frequency interval.

49. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein said selecting a frequency interval over which a waveform U(nT) is to exist comprises:

selecting a frequency interval that is between 1525 MHz and 1660.5 MHz and excluding a GPS frequency interval that is included therein.

50. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein said forming at baseband the waveform U(nT) comprises:

using a Fourier transform and an inverse Fourier transform.

51. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein said selecting, allowing and excluding comprise functions performed at the transmitter.

52. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein said selecting, allowing and excluding comprise functions performed at a distance from the transmitter and then relayed to the transmitter.

53. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein said forming at baseband the waveform further comprises:

forming at baseband first and second waveforms comprising respective first and second time durations that differ therebetween.

54. The communications method according to claim 45, further comprising:

generating pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received at least one of a first and second waveforms;

wherein said generating pseudo-randomly and independently is responsive to a predetermined statistical distribution.

55. The communications method according to claim 54, wherein the predetermined statistical distribution comprises a Gaussian distribution.

56. The communications method according to claim 45, wherein the waveform is devoid of a regularly repeating peak amplitude level while the transmitter and/or receiver is/are transmitting and/or receiving information.

57. The communications method according to claim 54, wherein each one of the first and second waveforms comprises a waveform that is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of the information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received;

and wherein the first and second waveforms comprise a statistical independence and an orthogonality therebetween.

58. A communications system comprising:

a processor that is configured to select a frequency interval over which a waveform U(nT) is to exist, wherein n denotes a discrete time index and wherein n=1, 2, . . . , N;

T>

0;

to allow at least one frequency that is included in the selected frequency interval to provide a frequency content to the waveform U(nT);

to exclude at least one frequency that is included in the selected frequency interval from providing a frequency content to the waveform U(nT) and to form at baseband the waveform U(nT) comprising a plurality of elements U(T), U(2T), . . . , U(NT), corresponding to respective integer values 1, 2, . . . , N of the discrete time index n; and

a transmitter and/or receiver that is/are configured to transmit and/or receive information by transmitting and/or receiving the plurality of elements U(T), U(2T), . . . , U(NT) of the waveform U(nT) sequentially one after another via a single carrier frequency by first transmitting and/or receiving U(T) via the single carrier frequency, followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(2T) via the single carrier frequency, . . . , followed by transmitting and/or receiving U(NT) via the single carrier frequency;

wherein the processor is devoid of chipping with a binary waveform and is further configured to;

generate at baseband a first waveform using a first plurality of frequencies over a first time interval; and

generate at baseband a second waveform using a second plurality of frequencies over a second time interval;

wherein the second plurality of frequencies differs from the first plurality of frequencies in at least one frequency.

59. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the processor is further configured to:

form a first frequency set comprising a first spectral level that is non-zero and a second frequency set comprising a second spectral level that is also non-zero.

60. The communications system according to claim 59, wherein the processor and/or the transmitter is/are further configured to:

separate the first and second frequency sets by a third frequency set comprising a spectral level that is substantially zero.

61. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the processor is further configured to:

identify frequencies over the selected frequency interval to be used to communicate such as to reduce a measure of interference and to preferentially use the identified frequencies to communicate and refrain from using frequencies other than the identified frequencies over the selected frequency interval.

62. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the processor is further configured to:

select a frequency interval that is between 1525 MHz and 1660.5 MHz and exclude a GPS frequency interval that is included therein.

63. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the transmitter comprises a wireless transmitter.

64. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the processor is further configured to form at baseband the waveform U(nT) comprising the plurality of elements U(T), U(2T), . . . , U(NT) by using a Fourier transform and an inverse Fourier transform.

65. The communications system according to claim 64, wherein the Fourier transform provides a spectrum shape that is altered in at least one frequency thereof responsive to an interference concern;

and wherein the inverse Fourier transform provides a time-domain waveform responsive to the altered spectrum shape that is used by the processor to form the waveform.

66. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein said processor is further configured to generate at baseband first and second waveforms comprising respective first and second time durations that differ therebetween.

67. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the waveform comprises first and second waveforms at least one of which is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of an information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received, responsive to a predetermined statistical distribution.

68. The communications system according to claim 67, wherein the predetermined statistical distribution comprises a Gaussian distribution.

69. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the waveform is devoid of a regularly repeating peak amplitude level while the transmitter and/or receiver is/are transmitting and/or receiving information.

70. The communications system according to claim 67, wherein each one of the first and second waveforms comprises a waveform that is generated pseudo-randomly and independently of the information symbol sequence that is to be transmitted/received;

and wherein the first and second waveforms comprise a statistical independence and an orthogonality therebetween.

71. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the processor and the transmitter/receiver are substantially co-located therebetween.

72. The communications system according to claim 58, wherein the processor and the transmitter/receiver are substantially spaced apart therebetween.

73. The communications system according to claim 59, wherein the first and/or second frequency set also comprises a spectral level that is substantially zero.