Part-geometry independent real time closed loop weld pool temperature control system for multi-layer DMD process

• US 8,878,094 B2
• Filed: 08/28/2003
• Issued: 11/04/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 08/28/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: DM3D Technology, LLC
• Original Assignee: DM3D Technology, LLC
• Inventors: Bagavath-Singh, Vijayavel
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Thien S
• Application Number:
  US10/525,938
• Publication Number:
  US 20060032840A1
• Time in Patent Office: 4,086 Days
• Field of Search: 219/121.6, 219/121.61, 219/121.62, 219/121.78
• US Class Current: 219/121.64
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/25 Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/36 of energy beam parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 10/368 Temperature or temperature gradient, e.g. temperature of the melt pool
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 12/90 Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 15/0086 welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 2103/50 Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/032 using optical means
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/034 Observing the temperature of the workpiece
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/144 the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/32 taking account of the properties of the material involved
• CPC Class Codes: B23K 26/342 Build-up welding
• CPC Class Codes: C23C 28/023 only coatings of metal elements only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 10/25 Process efficiency

Abstract

In a direct metal deposition system which builds up a metallic overlay on a substrate by moving the substrate relative to a laser in a metallic powder feed, the laser power is adjusted for successive layers by sensing the weld pool in a plurality of selected points in each layer and adjusting the power during successive layers to maintain a weld pool that corresponds to those achieved during deposition of a lower optimal layer. This compensates for heating of the substrate resulting from the deposition which tends to increase the pool size or temperature in the higher layers.

Claims

1. A method of forming a metal section on a metal substrate by depositing a plurality of superimposed layers comprising the steps of:

utilizing a laser generating a heating beam and a powdered metal source operative to feed metal powder into the beam and moving the substrate relative to the beam under numerical control over a programmed path to provide advancing melt pool layers;

providing a first melt pool layer and not sensing parameters of the first melt pool layer for reducing an effect of thermal conduction by the metal substrate upon sensed parameters and providing a second melt pool layer over the first melt pool layer and sensing parameters of the second melt pool layer at a plurality of selected coordinates during the generation of a plurality of metallic layers;

storing the sensed parameters of the second melt pool layer at each of the selected coordinates; and

processing the stored parameters to determine an appropriate laser power for use during the deposition of a melt pool layer applied subsequent to the second melt pool layer and adjusting the power of the heating beam based upon the sensed parameters of the second melt pool layer to account for heat retained by the metal substrate.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein processing the stored parameters comprises comparing a matrix of the sensed parameters stored during formation of the last layer deposited with the matrix of the sensed parameters of an earlier deposited layer to determine an appropriate laser power for use during the deposition of the next layer.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the earlier deposited layer constitutes the second layer deposited over the substrate.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sensed parameters of the pool comprise the dimensions of the pool.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the sensed parameters of the pool comprise the optical intensity of the pool.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the sensed parameters of the pool comprise the dimensions of the pool and the optical intensity of the pool.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the sensed parameters of the melt pool comprise the temperature of the melt pool.

8. A method of forming a metal section on a metal substrate by depositing a plurality of superimposed layers comprising the steps of:

utilizing a power source generating a heating beam and a metal source operative to feed metal powder into the beam and moving the substrate relative to the beam over the section to provide an advancing first layer of a melt pool;

providing a second layer of a melt pool over the first layer of the melt pool and sensing parameters of the second layer of the melt pool at a plurality of selected coordinates while not sensing parameters of the first melt pool layer for reducing an effect of thermal conduction by the metal substrate upon sensed parameters during the generation of a plurality of metallic layers;

storing the sensed parameters of the second layer of the melt pool at each of the coordinates; and

processing the stored parameters to determine an appropriate laser power for use during deposition of a subsequent layers of a melt pool, and adjusting laser power used to provide the subsequent layers of the melt pool based upon sensed parameters of a previous layer of the melt pool.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the power source is a laser.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the power source is an electron beam.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein the power beam level is maintained at a constant during generation of each layer.

12. A method of forming a metal section on a metal substrate by depositing a plurality of superimposed layers comprising the steps of:

utilizing a heating beam and a powdered metal source operative to feed metal powder into the beam and moving the substrate relative to the beam under numerical control over a programmed path to provide an advancing melt pool;

depositing a first layer of a melt pool in contact with the substrate using a first heating beam power;

depositing a second layer of a melt pool over the first layer of the melt pool using the same heating beam power as used to deposit the first layer of the melt pool, not sensing parameters of the first melt pool layer for reducing an effect of thermal conduction by the metal substrate upon the sensed parameters and sensing parameters of the second layer of the melt pool at a plurality of selected coordinates during the generation of the second layer of the melt pool;

depositing a third layer of a melt pool while adjusting the power of the heating beam based upon sensed parameters of the second layer of the melt pool and sensed parameters of the third layer of the melt pool; and

using stored parameters of the melt pool during generation of the second and third layer of the melt pool to determine an appropriate heating beam power for use during deposition of subsequent layers of the melt pool.

13. The method of claim 12 whereas each subsequent layer is deposited, the parameters of the melt pool are sensed at said plurality of selected coordinates and are used, along with previously stored sensed parameters, to determine the heating beam power for subsequent layers.