Routing using global address pairs

• US 8,908,685 B2
• Filed: 12/13/2012
• Issued: 12/09/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Patel, Parveen, Alkhatib, Hasan Shamsuddin
• Primary Examiner(s): Ho, Chuong T
• Application Number:
  US13/714,008
• Publication Number:
  US 20130100956A1
• Time in Patent Office: 726 Days
• Field of Search: 370389-392, 370/401
• US Class Current: 370/389
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/04 Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/741 Routing in networks with a plurality of addressing schemes, e.g. with both IPv4 and IPv6
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/251 between different IP versions
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/4511 using domain name system [DNS]

Abstract

The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for routing using global address pairs. Embodiments of the invention use publicly routable Internet Protocol (“IP”) addresses to represent sites rather than individual hosts. Hosts can be represented by a global address pair, including site public IP address and a node private IP address. Nodes route packets to address processing modules using IP-in-IP encapsulation. An outer header contains a site public IP address and is destined to a site on inter-site links. An inner header contains a node private IP address and is destined to a private endpoint in intra-site links. In some embodiments, a site public IPv4 address and a node private IPv4 address are encoded into an IPv6 address. Use of an IPv6 address makes encoding of the two IPv4 address transparent to IPv6 applications.

Claims

1. A storage device having stored instructions which, when executed by at least one computing processor, implement a method for sending communications, the method comprising:

an act of receiving a network packet from an application at a computer system within a site, the network packet having an address header and a data payload, the address header including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination address field containing a unique identifier for another computer system at another site from the perspective of the application, the source address field containing a local address for the application within the site, the data payload containing data for the other computer system;

an act of accessing an address mapping that maps the unique identifier to a site address for the other site and to a local address for the other computer system within the other site;

an act of modifying the network packet based on the address mapping to include an outer address header, an inner address header, and the data payload, the outer address header including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination field of the outer address header containing the site address for the other site, the source address field of the outer address header containing a site address for the site, the inner address header also including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination address field of the inner address header containing the local address for the other computer system within the other site, the source address field of the inner address header containing the local address for the application within the site; and

an act of sending the modified network packet to the other site based on the site address for the other site.

2. The storage device as recited in claim 1, further comprising prior to modifying the network packet:

an act of receiving global address pair information for the other computer system from a name server, the global address pair information being received in response to a name resolution request sent from the application to the name server, the global address pair information including the site address for the other site and the local address for the other computer system within the other site;

an act of formulating the unique identifier from the global address pair information;

an act of storing the address mapping within a local store; and

an act of returning the unique identifier to the application.

3. The storage device as recited in claim 2, wherein the act of receiving global address pair information for the other computer system comprises an act of receiving a globally unique IPv6 address for the other computer system.

4. The storage device as recited in claim 3, wherein the act of formulating the unique identifier from the global address pair information comprises an act of making the unique identifier the globally unique IPv6 address.

5. The storage device as recited in claim 3, wherein the act of formulating the unique identifier from the global address pair information comprises an act of formulating a unique identifier from the globally unique IPv6 address.

6. The storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the act of receiving the network packet comprises an act of receiving a packet that contains a globally unique IPv6 address for the other computer system in the destination address field.

7. The storage device as recited in claim 1, wherein the act of accessing an address mapping includes accessing an address mapping from a local store and wherein the address mapping maps the unique identifier for the other computer system to an IPv4 address for the other site and an IPv4 address for the other computer system within the other site.

8. The storage device as recited in claim 7, wherein the act of sending the modified network packet includes sending the modified packet to a site edge router for the site so that the site edge router can route the modified packet to a site edge router at the other site based on the site address based on the IPv4 address for the other site.

9. The storage device as recited in claim 7, wherein the address mapping maps the unique identifier for the other computer system to an IPv4 address for the other site and an IPv4 address for the other computer system within the other site and wherein the address mapping further maps a globally unique IPv6 address for the other computer system to the IPv4 address for the other site and the IPv4 address for the other computer system within the other site.

10. The storage device of claim 1, wherein the modifying and sending are both performed by a router associated with the site.

11. A storage device having stored instructions which, when executed by at least one computing processor, implement a method for receiving communications, the method comprising:

an act of receiving a network packet at a site, the network packet having been transferred over a wide area network from another site, the network packet including an outer address header, an inner address header, and a data payload, the outer address header including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination field of the outer address header containing a site address for the site, the source address field of the outer address header containing a site address for the other site, the inner address header also including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination address field of the inner address header containing the local address for an application within the site, the source address field of the inner address header containing the local address for the other computer system within the other site;

an act of accessing an address mapping that maps the site address for the other site and the local address for the other computer system within the other site to a unique identifier for the other computer system from the perspective of the application;

an act of modifying the network packet based on the address mapping to have an address header and the payload, the address header including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination address field containing the local address for the application within the site and the source address field containing the unique identifier; and

an act of sending modified network packet to the application based on the local address for the application within the site, the unique identifier indicating where the application can send any response data packets.

12. The storage device as recited in claim 11, wherein said receiving the network packet includes receiving the network packet from a site edge router for the site and wherein the destination field of the outer address header of the network packet contains an IPv4 address for the site and wherein the destination address field of the inner address header of the network packet contains a local IPv4 address for the application within the site.

13. The storage device as recited in claim 12, wherein the method further comprises an act of formulating a globally unique IPv6 address for the application from the IPv4 address for the site and the local IPv4 address for the application within the site.

14. The storage device as recited in claim 13, wherein the method further comprises:

an act of issuing a reverse name lookup to a name server, the reverse lookup containing the globally unique IPv6 address; and

an act of receiving a name for the application back from the name server.

15. The storage device as recited in claim 12, wherein prior to accessing the address mapping the method further comprises:

an act of formulating the unique identifier for the other computer system from the IPv4 address for the other site and the local IPv4 address for the other computer system within the other site; and

storing the address mapping in a local store.

16. The storage device as recited in claim 15, wherein the act of formulating the unique identifier for the other computer system comprises:

an act of formulating a globally unique IPv6 address from the IPv4 address for the other site and the local IPv4 address for the other computer system within the other site; and

an act of making the unique identifier the globally unique IPv6 address for the other computer system.

17. The storage device as recited in claim 16, wherein the destination field of the outer address header of the received network packet contains a site IPv4 address for the site, the source address field of the outer address header contains a site IPv4 address for the other site, the destination address field of the inner address header contains a local IPv4 address for the application within the site, and the source address field of the inner address header contains the local IPv4 address for the other computer system within the other site.

18. The storage device as recited in claim 17, wherein the act of modifying the network packet based on the address mapping comprises an act of modifying the network packet to include a destination address field containing the local IPv4 address for the application within the site and to include a source address field containing the globally unique IPv6 address for the other computer system.

19. The storage device as recited in claim 11, wherein the method further comprises:

an act of receiving a further network packet from the application having an address header and a data payload, the address header of the further network packet including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination address field containing the unique identifier, the source address field containing the local address for the application within the site, the data payload containing data for the other computer system;

an act of accessing the address mapping;

an act of modifying the further network packet based on the address mapping to include an outer address header, an inner address header, and the data payload, the outer address header including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination field of the outer address header containing the site address for the other site, the source address field of the outer address header containing a site address for the site, the inner address header also including a destination address field and a source address field, the destination address field of the inner address header containing the local address for the other computer system within the other site, the source address field of the inner address header containing the local address for the application within the site; and

an act of sending the modified further network packet to the other site based on the site address for the other site.

20. The storage device of claim 11, wherein the modifying is performed by a router associated with the site.