Method and apparatus for intra-body ultrasound communication

• US 8,938,307 B2
• Filed: 10/10/2012
• Issued: 01/20/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Boon, Scot C., Maile, Keith R., Linder, William J., Huelskamp, Paul, Vijayagopal, Ramprasad
• Primary Examiner(s): Gedeon, Brian T
• Application Number:
  US13/648,831
• Publication Number:
  US 20130033966A1
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 607/61
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 7/04 Electric stethoscopes microphones, acoustic transducers therefor H04R
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37217 characterised by the communication link, e.g. acoustic or tactile
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3727 characterised by the modulation technique
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 11/00 Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 13/005 Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body

Abstract

An intra-body ultrasonic signal can be converted into a first electrical signal, a local oscillator signal can be generated in an implantable system. The first electrical signal and the local oscillator signal can be mixed in an implantable system, such as to generate a demodulated signal, processed, such as using a filter. The filtered, demodulated signal can be further processed, such as implantably determining a peak amplitude of the first portion of the demodulated signal received from the filter over a time interval, implantably generating a dynamic tracking threshold that starts at an amplitude proportional the first portion of the demodulated signal and exponentially decays over a time interval, and determining a noise floor in the absence of a received intra-body ultrasonic signal and implantably comparing the peak amplitude and the tracking threshold and generate the digital output based on the difference.

Claims

1. An implantable system, comprising:

an ultrasonic receiver circuit coupleable to an ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic receiver circuit configured to obtain from the ultrasonic transducer a first electrical signal representative of an ultrasonic communication signal transduced by the ultrasonic transducer, the ultrasonic receiver circuit comprising;

a local oscillator circuit;

a mixer circuit coupled to the local oscillator circuit, the mixer circuit configured to provide a second electrical signal representative of the ultrasonic communication signal using the first electrical signal and the local oscillator circuit;

a pre-amplifier circuit coupled to the mixer circuit, the pre-amplifier circuit including at least one field-effect transistor (FET) configured to operate in a weak inversion mode; and

an analog-to-digital converter circuit coupled to the mixer and configured to provide a digital representation of the second electrical signal.

2. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the pre-amplifier circuit comprises a voltage-mode pre-amplifier circuit coupled to the mixer circuit and coupleable to the ultrasonic transducer, the pre-amplifier circuit configured to at least one of amplify or buffer the first electrical signal, and to provide at least one of a buffered or amplified first electrical signal to the mixer circuit.

3. The implantable system of claim 1, comprising a filter circuit coupled to the mixer circuit and the analog-to-digital converter circuit, the filter circuit configured to inhibit or suppress passage of a portion of second electrical signal from the mixer circuit to the analog-to-digital converter.

4. The implantable system of claim 3, wherein the filter circuit is configured to pass a first portion of the second electrical signal including a frequency range corresponding to respective differences between a first range of frequencies included in the first signal and a local oscillator frequency;

and

wherein the filter circuit is configured to inhibit or suppress passage of a second portion of the second electrical signal corresponding to respective sums of the first range of respective frequencies included in the first signal and local oscillator frequency.

5. The implantable system of claim 3, wherein the filter circuit is configured to inhibit or suppress passage of a DC component of the second electrical signal.

6. The implantable system of claim 3, wherein the filter circuit comprises a switched-capacitor filter circuit.

7. The implantable system of claim 6, wherein the switched capacitor filter circuit is switched at a rate established at least in part to inhibit or suppress a specified range of frequencies in the second electrical signal corresponding to an unwanted summation product of the first range of respective frequencies included in the first signal and the local oscillator frequency.

8. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic communication signal includes an amplitude-modulated communication signal;

and

wherein the receiver circuit includes a detector circuit coupled to the mixer and configured to demodulate amplitude-modulated information included in the second electrical signal.

9. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic receiver circuit comprises a threshold comparator coupled to the mixer and configured to compare the second electrical signal with a specified threshold.

10. The implantable system of claim 9, wherein the specified threshold is adjustable and is established at least in part using a threshold generator circuit configured to determine information about a peak level in the second electrical signal and configured to establish the specified threshold using information about the peak level.

11. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic receiver circuit is configured to generate an in-phase (I) representation of the second electrical signal, and a quadrature (Q) representation of the second electrical signal.

12. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic communication signal includes a frequency-shift keyed communication signal.

13. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic communication signal includes information obtained from one or more implantable sensors.

14. The implantable system of claim 1, further comprising the ultrasonic transducer.

15. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic receiver is configured to receive a communication signal generated from a location within the body.

16. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic receiver is configured to receive a communication signal generated from a location external to the body.

17. A method, comprising:

obtaining a first electrical signal from an ultrasonic transducer, the first electrical signal representative of an ultrasonic communication signal transduced by the ultrasonic transducer;

using a pre-amplifier circuit to provide at least one of a buffered or amplified first electrical signal to a mixer circuit including operating at least one field-effect transistor (FET) in a weak-inversion mode;

providing a second electrical signal by mixing a local oscillator signal and the buffered or amplified first electrical signal using the mixer circuit; and

digitizing the second electrical signal.