Wearable heart rate monitor

• US 8,956,303 B2
• Filed: 06/03/2014
• Issued: 02/17/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/22/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fitbit, Inc. (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Fitbit, Inc. (Alphabet Inc.)
• Inventors: Hong, Jung Ook, Yuen, Shelten Gee Jao
• Primary Examiner(s): D'ANGELO, MICHAEL J
• Application Number:
  US14/295,158
• Publication Number:
  US 20140288391A1
• Time in Patent Office: 259 Days
• Field of Search: 600/301, 600309-310, 600/317, 600/481, 600500-502
• US Class Current: 600/500
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0233 Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0002 Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network A61B5/07 takes precedence; transmission systems for measured values G08C; transmission H04B; transmission of digital information H04L; wireless communication networks H04W
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0205 Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02427 Details of sensor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02433 for infrared radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02438 with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/11 Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb for measuring pulse A61B5/02 ;A61B5/1038 takes precedence; motion detection to correct for motion artifacts in physiological signals A61B5/721
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1118 Determining activity level
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1123 Discriminating type of movement, e.g. walking or running A61B5/1116, A61B5/112 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4812 Detecting sleep stages or cycles
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/681 Wristwatch-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6843 Monitoring or controlling sensor contact pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6844 Monitoring or controlling distance between sensor and tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6886 Monitoring or controlling distance between sensor and tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7235 Details of waveform analysis A61B5/349 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/12 specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/027 using movement velocity, acceleration information
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/08 User group management
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/80 Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 : in wireless communication networks

Abstract

Some embodiments provide a wearable fitness monitoring device including a motion sensor and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor. The PPG sensor includes (i) a periodic light source, (ii) a photo detector, and (iii) circuitry determining a user'"'"'s heart rate from an output of the photo detector. Some embodiments provide methods for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to measure one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a low power state when the device determines that the device is not worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a normal power state when the device determines that the device is worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for using response characteristics of the user'"'"'s skin to adjust a gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor.

Claims

1. A method of operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to adjust at least one setting for operating the heart rate monitor, wherein operating the heart rate monitor comprises:

(a) operating a light source in the heart monitor in a skin characterization mode by emitting a succession of light pulses, at least some having variable intensity with respect to one another;

(b) detecting a variation in intensity of light from the light pulses emitted in the skin characterization mode after the light has interacted with the user'"'"'s skin;

(c) determining a response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin from the variation in intensity of light detected in (b); and

(d) using the response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin to adjust a gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor operating in a first mode for detecting one or more characteristics of the user'"'"'s heartbeat waveform, wherein at least (b) and (c) are carried out by a processor, and

wherein operating in the first mode comprises pulsing the light source in the heart rate monitor at a first frequency and detecting light from the light source, after the light has interacted with the user'"'"'s skin, at the first frequency, and wherein operating in the skin characterization mode comprises pulsing the light source in the heart rate monitor at a second frequency, which is different from the first frequency, and detecting light from the light source at the second frequency.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the response characteristic is dependent on an opacity of the user'"'"'s skin.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the heart rate monitor comprises an optical heart rate monitor.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the heart rate monitor comprises a photoplethysmographic sensor.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more characteristics of the user'"'"'s heartbeat waveform comprises the user'"'"'s heart rate.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein operating in the first mode and operating in the skin characterization mode are performed concurrently.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein operating in the first mode and operating in the skin characterization mode concurrently comprises periodically determining a response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin while continuously operating in the first mode.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein operating in the skin characterization mode occurs no more than about 50% of the time.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin comprises determining an intensity level and/or pattern of two or more light pulses detected at the second frequency.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the succession of light pulses comprises some light pulses having variable intensity and others having constant intensity.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the succession of light pulses comprises at least four light pulses of variable intensity.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the succession of light pulses emitted in (a) comprises at least two light pulses of variable intensity, and wherein determining a response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin in (c) comprises determining a function or characteristic of the intensity variation of light from the light pulses detected in (b), and wherein the function or characteristic of the intensity variation is the response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin used to adjust the gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor operating in a first mode.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the function or characteristic comprises determining a slope of the intensity variation of light from the light pulses detected in (b).

15. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the heart rate monitor'"'"'s gain and/or light emission intensity for operating in the first mode comprises reducing the emission intensity.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the wearable fitness monitoring device comprises a motion detecting sensor.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the motion detecting sensor comprises an accelerometer, a magnetometer, an altimeter, a GPS detector, a gyroscope, or a combination of any of these.

18. A wearable fitness monitoring device comprising:

a motion sensor configured to provide output corresponding to motion by a user wearing the fitness monitoring device;

a photoplethysmographic sensor comprising (i) a periodic light source, (ii) a photo detector positioned to receive periodic light emitted by the periodic light source after interacting with a user'"'"'s skin, and (iii) circuitry determining a user'"'"'s heart rate from an output of the photo detector; and

control logic configured to;

(a) operate a light source in the heart monitor in a skin characterization mode by emitting a succession of light pulses, at least some having variable intensity with respect to one another;

(b) detect a variation in intensity of light from the light pulses emitted in the skin characterization mode after the light has interacted with the user'"'"'s skin;

(c) determine a response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin from the variation in intensity of light detected in (b); and

(d) use the response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin to adjust a gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor operating in a first mode for detecting one or more characteristics of the user'"'"'s heartbeat waveform,

wherein the control logic is configured such that operating in the first mode comprises pulsing the light source in the heart rate monitor at a first frequency and detecting light from the light source, after the light has interacted with the user'"'"'s skin, at the first frequency, and wherein the control logic is configured such that operating in the skin characterization mode comprises pulsing the light source in the heart rate monitor at a second frequency, which is different from the first frequency, and detecting light from the light source at the second frequency.

19. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein the response characteristic is dependent on an opacity of the user'"'"'s skin.

20. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein the one or more characteristics of the user'"'"'s heartbeat waveform comprises the user'"'"'s heart rate.

21. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein operating in the first mode and operating in the skin characterization mode are performed concurrently.

22. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 21, wherein operating in the first mode and operating in the skin characterization mode concurrently comprises periodically determining a response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin while continuously operating in the first mode.

23. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 22, wherein operating in the skin characterization mode occurs no more than about 50% of the time.

24. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency.

25. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein determining the response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin comprises determining an intensity level and/or pattern of two or more light pulses detected at the second frequency.

26. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein the succession of light pulses comprises some light pulses having variable intensity and others having constant intensity.

27. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein the succession of light pulses comprises at least four light pulses of variable intensity.

28. The wearable fitness monitoring device of claim 18, wherein the succession of light pulses emitted in (a) comprises at least two light pulses of variable intensity, and wherein determining a response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin in (c) comprises determining a function or characteristic of the intensity variation of light from the light pulses detected in (b), and wherein the function or characteristic of the intensity variation is the response characteristic of the user'"'"'s skin used to adjust the gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor operating in a first mode.