Method and apparatus for the non-invasive sensing of glucose in a human subject
First Claim
1. A method of spectrophotometric referencing that utilizes pulse differential spectroscopy applicable to capillary blood diffuse reflectance by:
- a) providing an optics system with at least one optical path which emits a plurality of narrow band pulses of near infrared light within a range of from about 1,200 nm to about 1,900 nm, each narrow band having a unique center emission wavelength, and each narrow band activated individually and sequentially during each scan cycle, said scan cycle occurring multiple times per second and continuously for a period equivalent to at least more than one cardiac cycle;
b) repeatedly sampling at least multiple times per second, irrespective of the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle, at each unique emission center wavelength within each of the plurality of the narrow bands within the wavelength range at least one path of the optics system through an external, diffusely-reflecting, capillary-bearing sample, wherein the optical path is time-varying as a result of heart pulsation and changes minutely close in time as a minimum and a maximum photon path changes during a heart pulse;
c) synchronously detecting at each unique center emission wavelength of each narrow band, with each cycle of sequentially activating the plurality of narrow bands, a time-dependent diffuse reflectance signal of the optical path through the sample;
d) computing a spectrophotometric absorbance at each unique center wavelength, as a ratio of a maxima to a minima of the time-dependent diffuse reflectance signal; and
e) determining a concentration of biological analytes in a sample using the spectrophotometric absorbance.
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Abstract
An apparatus for a non-invasive sensing of biological analytes in a sample includes an optics system having at least one radiation source and at least one radiation detector; a measurement system operatively coupled to the optics system; a control/processing system operatively coupled to the measurement system and having an embedded software system; a user interface/peripheral system operatively coupled to the control/processing system for providing user interaction with the control/processing system; and a power supply system operatively coupled to the measurement system, the control/processing system and the user interface system for providing power to each of the systems. The embedded software system of the control/processing system processes signals obtained from the measurement system to determine a concentration of the biological analytes in the sample.
62 Citations
11 Claims
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1. A method of spectrophotometric referencing that utilizes pulse differential spectroscopy applicable to capillary blood diffuse reflectance by:
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a) providing an optics system with at least one optical path which emits a plurality of narrow band pulses of near infrared light within a range of from about 1,200 nm to about 1,900 nm, each narrow band having a unique center emission wavelength, and each narrow band activated individually and sequentially during each scan cycle, said scan cycle occurring multiple times per second and continuously for a period equivalent to at least more than one cardiac cycle; b) repeatedly sampling at least multiple times per second, irrespective of the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle, at each unique emission center wavelength within each of the plurality of the narrow bands within the wavelength range at least one path of the optics system through an external, diffusely-reflecting, capillary-bearing sample, wherein the optical path is time-varying as a result of heart pulsation and changes minutely close in time as a minimum and a maximum photon path changes during a heart pulse; c) synchronously detecting at each unique center emission wavelength of each narrow band, with each cycle of sequentially activating the plurality of narrow bands, a time-dependent diffuse reflectance signal of the optical path through the sample; d) computing a spectrophotometric absorbance at each unique center wavelength, as a ratio of a maxima to a minima of the time-dependent diffuse reflectance signal; and e) determining a concentration of biological analytes in a sample using the spectrophotometric absorbance. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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Specification