Apparatus, system, and method for multi-bitrate content streaming

• US 9,071,668 B2
• Filed: 12/13/2013
• Issued: 06/30/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Dish Technologies LLC (Dish Network Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Echostar Technologies LLC (Echostar Corporation)
• Inventors: Brueck, David F., Hurst, Mark B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Chirag R
• Application Number:
  US14/106,051
• Publication Number:
  US 20140101329A1
• Time in Patent Office: 564 Days
• Field of Search: 709231-233
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/183 Provision of network file services by network file servers, e.g. by using NFS, CIFS network file access protocols H04L67/1097
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/71 Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/12 Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/801 Real time traffic
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1069 Session establishment or de-establishment
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/1101 Session protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/61 for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/65 Network streaming protocols, e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/70 Media network packetisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/80 Responding to QoS
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/02 based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/568 Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage, e.g. caching
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/60 Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources admission control or resource allocation H04L47/70
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23439 for generating different versions
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/2662 Controlling the complexity of the video stream, e.g. by scaling the resolution or bitrate of the video stream based on the client capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4331 Caching operations, e.g. of an advertisement for later insertion during playback
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/84 Generation or processing of descriptive data, e.g. content descriptors systems specially adapted for using meta-information in broadcast systems H04H60/73
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/8456 by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/24 Systems for the transmission of television signals using pulse code modulation H04N21/00 takes precedence

Abstract

An apparatus for multi-bitrate content streaming includes a receiving module configured to capture media content, a streamlet module configured to segment the media content and generate a plurality of streamlets, and an encoding module configured to generate a set of streamlets. The system includes the apparatus, wherein the set of streamlets comprises a plurality of streamlets having identical time indices and durations, and each streamlet of the set of streamlets having a unique bitrate, and wherein the encoding module comprises a master module configured to assign an encoding job to one of a plurality of host computing modules in response to an encoding job completion bid. A method includes receiving media content, segmenting the media content and generating a plurality of streamlets, and generating a set of streamlets.

Claims

1. A system comprising a set of one or more servers for adaptive-rate content streaming of videos stored on a storage device for playback on remotely-located end user stations,

wherein a plurality of different copies of a same single video is stored on the storage device, each of the different copies encoded at a different bit rate and each divided into a plurality of streamlets that collectively store data to playback the entire video but that individually store data to playback only a portion that starts at a unique time index and whose duration is less than the entire playback duration of the single video, wherein the time indexes of the streamlets are the same for the different copies such that the streamlets with the same time indexes from the different copies independently yield the same portions of the single video, and wherein each of the streamlets of each of the pluralities is a separate content file that is independently playable by the end user stations, wherein the system comprises:

a web server, to be executed on the set of one or more servers, wherein the web server is configured to;

receive, for a set of one or more initial and sequential ones of the time indexes, at least one streamlet request over a network connection from a requesting one of the end user stations to retrieve the separate content files storing the portions of the single video starting at the set of time indexes from one of the different copies;

retrieve from the storage device the requested content files from the one copy;

send the retrieved content files from the one copy to the requesting one of the end user stations over the network connection;

receive, for each subsequent time index, at least one streamlet request over the network connection from the requesting one of the end user stations to retrieve the separate content files storing the portion of the single video starting at that time index from one of the different copies currently selected, wherein the requesting one of the end user stations selects the currently selected one of the different copies dependent upon ongoing determinations to shift the playback quality to a higher or lower quality one of the different copies, wherein the shifts in playback quality occur at the time indexes;

retrieve from the storage device the requested content files from the currently selected one of the different copies; and

send the retrieved content files from the currently selected one of the different copies to the requesting one of the end user stations over the network connection.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the set of servers does not require a specialized protocol for said adaptive-rate content streaming.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the storage device comprises a cache server.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the web server receives the streamlet requests using a standard protocol.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the web server receives the streamlet request as Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) GET requests.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the set of one or more servers is a content server, and wherein the content server includes a content module that comprises:

a receiving module configured to receive the videos;

a streamlet module configured to segment the received videos to generate for each a plurality of sequential raw streamlets that collectively store data to playback the entire video and that individually store data to playback only a portion that starts at a unique time index and whose duration is less than the entire duration of the corresponding video; and

an encoding module configured to encode each raw streamlet to generate, for each of said raw streamlets, a set including an encoded streamlet for each bitrate supported by the adaptive-rate content streaming, wherein each of the encoded streamlets in each of the sets is stored as the separate content file, wherein the encoded streamlets within each of the sets have the same time index as their corresponding raw streamlet such that the encoded streamlets of the same set independently yield on playback the same portion of the corresponding video, and wherein the separate content files within each of the sets are independently requestable by end user stations.

7. The system of claim 6, further comprising a streamlet database, wherein the encoding module is further configured to transmit the separate content files each storing one of the encoded streamlets to the streamlet database to be stored, and wherein the web server is coupled to the streamlet database to retrieve the requested ones of the separate content files from the streamlet database to transmit to the requesting one of the end user stations.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the content module further comprises:

a metadata module configured to receive metadata from a publisher, wherein the metadata comprises searchable content information; and

a metadata database to store the metadata.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the metadata further comprises metadata associated with an end user navigational environment for the single video.

10. The system of claim 6, wherein the encoding module is configured to encode multiple of the plurality of sequential raw streamlets in parallel.

11. The system of claim 6, wherein the encoding module is configured to encode the plurality of sequential raw streamlets at regular intervals using an offset parallel processing scheme.

12. The system of claim 6, wherein the encoding module comprises a master module configured to assign an encoding job to one of a plurality of hosts to generate at least one of the separate content files from at least one of the plurality of sequential raw streamlets in response to an encoding job completion bid received from the one host.

13. The system of claim 6, wherein the encoding module is further configured to multi-pass encode each of the plurality of sequential raw streamlets of at least one of the videos.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one of the videos is of a live event.

15. A method for streaming from a set of one or more servers videos for playback on a content player on an end user station, the method comprising:

streaming from the set of servers a selected one of the videos for playback on the content player, wherein a storage device stores a plurality of different copies of the same selected video each encoded at a different bit rate and each divided into a plurality of streamlets that collectively store data to playback the entire video but that individually store data to playback only a portion that starts at a unique time index and whose duration is less than the entire playback duration of the selected video, wherein the time indexes of the streamlets are the same for the different copies such that the streamlets with the same time indexes from the different copies independently yield the same portions of the selected video, and wherein each of the streamlets of each of the pluralities is a separate content file that is independently playable by the end user stations, and wherein said streaming comprises;

receiving, for a set of one or more initial and sequential ones of the time indexes, at least one streamlet request over a network connection from a requesting one of the end user stations to retrieve the separate content files storing the portions of the single video starting at the set of time indexes from one of the different copies;

retrieving from the storage device the requested content files with the set of time indexes from the one copy;

sending the retrieved content files from the one copy to the requesting one of the end user stations over the network connection;

receiving, for each subsequent time index, at least one streamlet request over the network connection from the requesting one of the end user stations to retrieve the separate content tiles storing the portion of the single video starting at that time index from one of the different copies currently selected, wherein the requesting one of the end user stations selects the currently selected one of the different copies dependent upon successive determinations to shift the playback quality to a higher or lower quality one of the different copies, wherein the shifts in playback quality occur at the time indexes;

retrieving from the storage device the requested content files with the time index from the currently selected one of the different copies; and

sending the retrieved content files from the currently selected one of the different copies to the requesting one of the end user stations over the network connection.

16. A method executable by a content player on an end user device to obtain a stream of a selected video program for playback by the content player, the method comprising:

requesting the stream of the selected video program via a network connection to a video server, wherein the video server accesses a plurality of different copies of the same selected video each encoded at a different bit rate and each divided into a plurality of segments that collectively store data to playback the entire video but that individually store data to playback only a portion that starts at a unique time index and whose duration is less than the entire playback duration of the selected video, wherein the time indexes of the segments are the same for the different copies such that the segments with the same time indexes from the different copies independently yield the same portions of the selected video, and wherein each of the segments of each of the pluralities is a separate content file that is independently playable by the end user device, wherein the requesting comprises the content player placing, for a set of sequential ones of the time indexes, segment requests over the network connection to the video server to thereby retrieve the separate segments from at least one of the different copies storing the portions of the single video according to the set of time indexes;

receiving the separate segments from the video server at the content player via the network connection; and

adapting subsequent segment requests placed by the content player to the video server based upon successive determinations by the content player to shift the playback quality to a higher or lower quality one of the different copies of the same selected video, wherein the shifts in playback quality occur at the time indexes.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising playing back the requested stream by the content player to thereby render the selected video program to a viewer.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the playing back comprises the content player staging the separate segments received by the content player according to the time index.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein the adapting comprises comparing a performance ratio to a threshold value, and wherein the content player requests segments from a copy of the same selected video that were encoded at a higher bitrate when the performance ratio exceeds the threshold value.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the requesting comprises the content player placing the segment requests as Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) GET requests.