Active noise cancellation decisions using a degraded reference

• US 9,099,077 B2
• Filed: 02/08/2012
• Issued: 08/04/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Nicholson, Guy C., Labidi, Cyril, Jordan, Simon E., Lee, Jae H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Ping
• Application Number:
  US13/369,011
• Publication Number:
  US 20120140917A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,273 Days
• Field of Search: 381/71.6, 381/71.8, 381/71.11, 381/71.12, 381/74
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17817 between the output signals and the error signals, i.e. secondary path
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17825 Error signals
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17833 by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17854 the filter being an adaptive filter
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17881 the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17885 additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/1081 Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3016 Control strategies, e.g. energy minimization or intensity measurements

Abstract

Active noise cancellation (ANC) circuitry is coupled to the input of an earpiece speaker in a portable audio device, to control the ambient acoustic noise outside of the device and that may be heard by a user of the device. A microphone is to pickup sound emitted from the earpiece speaker, as well as the ambient acoustic noise. Control circuitry deactivates the ANC in response to determining that an estimate of how much sound emitted from the earpiece speaker has been corrupted by noise indicates insufficient corruption by noise. In another embodiment, the ANC decision is in response to determining that an estimate of the ambient acoustic noise level is greater than an estimate of the anti-noise produced by the ANC. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Claims

1. A portable audio device comprising:

an earpiece speaker having an input to receive an audio signal;

active noise cancellation (ANC) circuitry to provide an anti-noise signal at the input of the earpiece speaker to control ambient acoustic noise outside of the device that is heard by a user of the device; and

noise measurement circuitry having a first input coupled to an output of a first microphone and a second input coupled to receive the anti-noise signal and not the audio signal, the first microphone to pick up (a) sound emitted from the earpiece speaker and (b) the ambient acoustic noise, the noise measurement circuitry including a first filter that models the earpiece speaker and the first microphone, wherein the anti-noise signal and not the audio signal is to pass through the first filter, and a first differencing unit having a first input coupled to the output of the first microphone and a second input coupled to an output of the first filter, and an output that provides a degraded audio reference signal; and

control circuitry coupled to receive the degraded audio reference signal and to deactivate the ANC circuitry in response to using the degraded audio reference to determine that sound emitted from the earpiece speaker has not been sufficiently corrupted by noise.

2. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the noise measurement circuitry generates an estimate of the ambient acoustic noise using a) a signal from the output of the first microphone, b) the anti-noise signal, and c) the audio signal, and wherein the ANC circuitry comprises an anti-noise filter that inverts a signal at its input, the input of the anti-noise filter being coupled to receive the estimate of the ambient acoustic noise.

3. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the ANC circuitry comprises a second microphone to pick up the ambient acoustic noise, wherein the first microphone is positioned closer to the earpiece speaker than the second microphone, and an adaptive filter that generates the anti-noise signal using a representation of the ambient acoustic noise as picked up by the second microphone.

4. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the control circuitry is to calculate a ratio of the degraded reference signal to an estimate of the ambient acoustic noise (SNR), and wherein the control circuitry is to deactivate the ANC circuitry when the calculated SNR is above a predetermined threshold.

5. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the noise measurement circuitry comprises:

a third filter that models the earpiece speaker and the first microphone, wherein the audio signal and not the anti-noise signal pass through the third filter; and

wherein the control circuitry has inputs coupled to the outputs of the third filter and the first differencing unit.

6. The portable audio device of claim 5 wherein the control circuitry comprises:

a smoothing conditioner to smooth the signal from output of the first differencing unit; and

a decision circuit to receive the smoothed signal, the decision circuit having an output that indicates whether or not the ANC circuitry is to be deactivated.

7. The portable audio device of claim 6 wherein the control circuitry is to deactivate the ANC circuitry when the smoothed signal is above a predetermined threshold.

8. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the noise measurement circuitry comprises:

a second filter that models the earpiece speaker and the first microphone, wherein the audio signal combined with the anti-noise signal pass through the second filter; and

a second differencing unit having a first input coupled to the output of the first microphone and a second input coupled to an output of the second filter.

9. The portable audio device of claim 8 wherein the noise measurement circuitry comprises:

a third filter that models the earpiece speaker and the first microphone, wherein the audio signal and not the anti-noise signal pass through the third filter,

wherein the control circuitry has inputs coupled to the outputs of the third filter and the first and second differencing units.

10. A method for performing a call using a portable audio communications device comprising:

activating active noise cancellation (ANC) circuitry to control ambient acoustic noise during the call using an anti-noise signal;

computing a degraded reference, being an estimate of an audio signal containing downlink speech of the call that has been corrupted by the ambient acoustic noise, by removing a filtered version of the anti-noise signal from a microphone signal;

determining that an estimate of how much sound emitted from an earpiece speaker of the device has been corrupted by said ambient acoustic noise indicates insufficient corruption by noise, using the degraded reference; and

deactivating the ANC circuitry in response to the determination.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the determining comprises computing a signal to noise ratio using the degraded reference and an estimate of the ambient acoustic noise.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the determining comprises computing the estimate of the ambient acoustic noise by removing a filtered version of the anti-noise signal and a filtered version of the audio signal from the microphone signal.

13. The method of claim 10 wherein the determining comprises computing a metric using the degraded reference and an estimate of the audio signal containing downlink speech.

14. The method of claim 10 wherein the deactivating the ANC circuitry comprises:

setting a plurality of tap coefficients of a digital anti-noise filter whose output feeds the earpiece speaker, to zero.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the deactivating the ANC circuitry further comprises:

disabling an adaptive filter controller that updates the tap coefficients, so that the tap coefficients are no longer being updated.

16. The method of claim 10 wherein the deactivating the ANC circuitry comprises:

disabling an adaptive filter controller that updates a plurality of tap coefficients of a digital anti-noise filter, so that the tap coefficients are no longer being updated.

17. The method of claim 10, wherein computing the degraded reference comprises computing the filtered version of the anti-noise signal by passing the anti-noise signal through a filter that models the earpiece speaker and an error microphone.