RFID condition latching

• US 9,159,012 B2
• Filed: 11/30/2010
• Issued: 10/13/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fiber Mountain, Inc. (Green Lambda Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Corning Incorporated
• Inventors: Sutherland, James Scott, Whiting, Matthew Scott, Thurow, Bradley R, Wagner, Richard Edward, Webb, Dale Alan, Downie, John David
• Primary Examiner(s): Lim, Steven
• Assistant Examiner(s): Knox, Kaleria
• Application Number:
  US12/956,271
• Publication Number:
  US 20110140856A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,778 Days
• Field of Search: 340/10.1, 340/10.51, 340/545.6, 340/572.1, 340/870.17, 340/686.1, 340/572.8, 340/10.41, 340/10.3, 340/3.41, 340/825, 343/822, 235/492
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0707 the arrangement being capable of collecting energy from external energy sources, e.g. thermocouples, vibration, electromagnetic radiation G06K19/0702 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0712 the arrangement being capable of triggering distinct operating modes or functions dependent on the strength of an energy or interrogation field in the proximity of the record carrier active means for hindering electromagnetic reading or writing G06K19/07336
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0717 the sensor being capable of sensing environmental conditions such as temperature history or pressure
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs

Abstract

A passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) system has an RFID reader that communicates with and provides power to an RFID tag. The RFID tag has an RFID integrated circuit chip that contains a memory device for storing information to be transmitted to the RFID reader, and energy storage device that stores energy for powering the integrated circuit chip. In the event that the RFID tag is activated during periods when the RFID integrated circuit chip is not receiving sufficient energy from the RFID reader, then either an energy storage device is provided to allow the activation event to be recorded at the RFID integrated circuit chip, or a memory device is provided that senses and records the activation event and communicates this activation event once power has been restored.

Claims

1. A radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag for use with an RFID reader that transmits RF signals to the RFID tag via a RF communication path, comprising:

an RFID integrated circuit (IC) chip electrically coupled to a RF antenna system and adapted to be externally powered by the RF signals;

an energy storage device operably coupled to the RFID IC chip and adapted to store energy from the RF signals;

a switch operably coupled to the RFID IC chip and configured to be placed in either an ON state or an OFF state, wherein the RFID IC chip is configured to operate when the switch is in the ON state and when the switch is in the OFF state; and

a memory device operably coupled to the switch and the energy storage device and powered by the energy device so as to store switch-state information when the RFID IC chip is inadequately externally powered so that when the RFID IC chip is adequately externally powered it allows the tag antenna system to communicate a RF switch-state signal representative of the stored switch-state information.

2. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the energy storage device is external to the RFID IC chip.

3. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the memory device is integral with the RFID IC chip, and is operably coupled to the switch via the RFID IC chip.

4. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the memory device is external to the RFID IC chip, and wherein the RFID IC chip includes an internal memory device for storing tag information.

5. The RFID tag of claim 4, wherein the memory device external to the RFID IC chip includes at least one capacitor electrically coupled to the switch and to the RFID IC circuit.

6. A passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag for use with an RFID reader that transmits RF signals to the RFID tag via a RF communication path, comprising:

an RFID IC chip electrically coupled to a RF antenna system and adapted to be externally powered by the RF signals; and

a latching memory device capable of moving from a first state to a second state upon an activation event to the RFID tag, even when this activation event occurs when power is interrupted between the RFID reader and the RFID IC chip, such that when the RFID IC chip is adequately externally powered it allows the tag antenna system to communicate a RF signal representative of the stored second state information, and

the RFID IC chip is operative if the latching memory device is in both the first state or the second state.

7. The RFID tag of claim 6, wherein the latching memory device includes a temperature sensor electrically coupled to the RFID IC circuit, wherein the first state is defined by a first temperature-related threshold and the second state is defined by a second temperature-related threshold.

8. The RFID tag of claim 7, wherein at least one of the first and second temperature-related thresholds is a temperature rate-of-change threshold.

9. The RFID tag of claim 6, wherein the latching memory device is an electromechanical switch.

10. The RFID tag of claim 6, wherein the latching memory device is a dischargeable capacitor.

11. The RFID tag of claim 10, further comprising a reference capacitor, wherein the dischargeable capacitor is compared to the reference capacitor to determine whether the discharge is a result of the activation event or a result of leakage that would discharge the reference capacitor in the same manner as it would the dischargeable capacitor.

12. The RFID system as described in claim 11, wherein the memory device comprises a temperature sensor being electrically coupled to the RFID integrated circuit chip,

such that as the RFID tag is activated by the hand of a user, the temperature sensor increases in temperature, and as the hand is removed the temperature sensor shows a decrease in temperature, thus when the RFID integrated circuit chip is interrogated after energy has been restored, the RFID integrated circuit chip calculates the rate at which the temperature sensor is dropping in temperature and thereby concludes that an activation event has occurred.

13. A passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) system comprising:

an RFID reader having an RFID reader antenna capable of transmitting an RF signal; and

an RFID tag comprising;

an RFID integrated circuit (IC) chip containing a memory device for storing information to be communicated to the RFID reader;

an RFID tag antenna coupled to the RFID integrated circuit IC chip, capable of communicating an RFID response signal to the RFID reader;

an energy storage device that stores energy for powering the memory device, the energy storage device being electrically coupled to the RFID IC chip, wherein the energy storage device is selected so as to store energy from the RF signal to power the memory device in the event that power to the RFID IC chip is interrupted; and

a condition sensing device having a first state and a second state and powered by the energy storage device, the condition sensing device being electrically connected to the RFID tag, and wherein the condition sensing device may be switched from the first state to the second state when the power to the RFID IC chip is interrupted;

wherein the RFID tag antenna is configured to communicate the RF signal representative of the stored second state information when the power to the RFID IC chip is resumed.

14. The RFID system of claim 13, wherein an operator engages the switch to change the switch from the first state to the second state.

15. The RFID system of claim 13, wherein the energy storage device is capable of powering the RFID IC chip.

16. The RFID system of claim 13, wherein the energy storage device is an electric capacitor.

17. A passive RFID system comprising:

an RFID reader having an RFID reader antenna capable of transmitting an RF signal, and

an RFID tag comprising;

an RFID integrated circuit chip,

an RFID tag antenna coupled to the RFID integrated circuit chip, capable of receiving energy from the RF signal,

a memory device for storing information to be transmitted to the RFID reader, the memory device having a first state and a second activated state, and being operably connected to the RFID integrated circuit chip, and

where the RFID tag antenna coupled to the RFID integrated circuit chip is capable of communicating an RFID response signal to the RFID reader,

wherein the memory device is capable of recording a change from its first state to its second activated state during periods when the energy from the RF signal is insufficient to cause the RFID integrated circuit chip to record the change in memory device states.

18. The RFID system of claim 17, wherein the memory device comprises a mechanical latch having a first resting state and a second latched state, such that when power to the RFID integrated circuit is interrupted, the mechanical latch can still be placed into the second latched state by an external event, and when energy has been restored to the RFID integrated circuit, the RFID integrated circuit can record the fact that the mechanical latch has been engaged and communicate that information as an RFID response signal back to the RFID reader.

19. The RFID system as described in claim 18, wherein the mechanical latch is disengaged once the RFID integrated circuit has communicated that information as an RFID response signal back to the RFID reader.

20. The RFID system as described in claim 19, wherein the mechanical latch disengages automatically after a certain amount of time.

21. The RFID system as described in claim 17, wherein the memory device comprises an electrical capacitor having a first charged state and a second discharged state, the electrical capacitor being electrically coupled to the RFID integrated circuit chip, such that as the memory device switched from the first state to its second activated state, the electrical capacitor is discharged to place the electrical capacitor in the second discharged state, thus when the RFID integrated circuit chip is interrogated after energy has been restored to the RFID tag, this second discharged state is communicated as an RFID response signal back to the RFID reader.

22. The RFID system as described in claim 17, wherein the memory device comprises a first electrical capacitor having a first charged state and a second discharged state, the electrical capacitor being electrically coupled to the RFID integrated circuit chip, and

a second electrical capacitor also having a first charged state and a second discharged state, the electrical capacitor being electrically coupled to the RFID integrated circuit chip,

such that as the memory device is switched from the first state to its second activated state, the first electrical capacitor is discharged to place the electrical capacitor in the second discharged state, thus when the RFID integrated circuit chip is interrogated after energy has been restored to the RFID tag, the RFID integrated circuit chip compares the first electrical capacitor to the second electrical capacitor and if the first electrical capacitor is in the second discharged state while the second electrical capacitor remains in the first charged state, then an activation event is communicated as an RFID response signal back to the RFID reader.

23. In an RFID system providing a method for communicating an activation event that has occurred during a period of time in which power has been interrupted between an RFID reader and an RFID tag, comprising the steps of:

a. powering a first electric capacitor that is electrically attached to an RFID integrated circuit chip associated with the RFID tag, such that the first electric capacitor is placed in a charged state,

b. simultaneously powering a second electrical capacitor that is also attached to the RFID integrated circuit chip of the RFID tag, such that the second electric capacitor is likewise placed in a charged state,

c. switching a memory device from a first state to a second activated state, but in so doing, interrupting an RF signal to the RFID tag, and thereby interrupting power to the RFID tag,

d. discharging the first electric capacitor upon switching the memory device to the second activated state, thereby moving the first electric capacitor from a charged stated to a second discharged stated,

e. upon restoring power to the RFID integrated circuit chip, comparing the first electric capacitor to the second electric capacitor, and if the first electric capacitor is in the second discharged state while the second electric capacitor has remained in the charged state,

f. communicating to the RFID reader that an activation event of the RFID tag has occurred.