System and method for determining a location area of a mobile user

• US 9,167,552 B2
• Filed: 09/10/2013
• Issued: 10/20/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/13/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc. (InterDigital, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Swisscom AG (Government of Switzerland)
• Inventors: Versteeg, Ernst, Taillard, Eric, Bailly, Patrick, Laurent, Maxence
• Primary Examiner(s): Arevalo, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US14/023,001
• Publication Number:
  US 20140057650A1
• Time in Patent Office: 770 Days
• Field of Search: 455/456.5, 455/418, 455/522, 455/456.1, 455/67.13, 455/457, 455/456.3
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/02521 using a radio-map
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0278 involving statistical or probabilistic considerations G01S5/0252, G01S5/0294 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/026 Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 4/021 Services related to particular areas, e.g. point of interest [POI] services, venue services or geofences
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/003 locating network equipment

Abstract

A system and a method for determining a location area of a user using a mobile communication terminal in a geographical area covered by a mobile radio network, based on location probabilities for defined sub-areas of the geographical area. The location probabilities may be determined based on, e.g., field strengths expected in the sub-areas from antennas and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal. The location probabilities may indicate, for a sub-area, the probability that the mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area. At least one ellipse defining the location area may be determined, such as based on the location probabilities. The location probabilities may enable determining elliptical location areas of mobile users much smaller than the area each antenna does cover physically, but without the need for measuring at the mobile communication terminal signal properties such as signal strength or observed time differences.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

determining for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that a mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal;

determining at least one ellipse defining a location area of a user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas, and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability; and

determining the at least one ellipse by;

defining a single ellipse around the polygon;

assessing whether the single ellipse defines the location area with a defined minimal density of probable sub-areas; and

determining more than one ellipse for defining the location area, otherwise.

2. The method of claim 1, comprising determining the at least one ellipse by:

defining a single ellipse around the polygon; and

defining the location area by the single ellipse when number of the probable sub-areas is lower than a defined maximum number of sub-areas and/or a density of the probable sub-areas is higher than a defined minimum density, and determining more than one ellipse for defining the location area, otherwise.

3. The method of claim 1, comprising determining more than one ellipse by:

determining sub-areas to be considered;

grouping the sub-areas to be considered into areas of connected sub-areas; and

determining an ellipse around each of the areas of connected sub-areas to define the location area.

4. The method of claim 3, comprising determining the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability.

5. The method of claim 3, comprising grouping the sub-areas to be considered by:

determining an area of connected sub-areas by selecting with descending location probability from the sub-areas to be considered, sub-areas which share a common border with a sub-area already included in respective area of connected sub-areas;

removing selected sub-areas from the sub-areas to be considered; and

starting to determine an area of connected sub-areas with sub-area of the remaining sub-areas to be considered having highest location probability.

6. The method of claim 3, comprising determining whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

7. The method of claim 3, comprising enlarging an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

9. The method of claim 7, comprising lowering the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

10. A system, comprising:

one or more processor for use in determining a location area of a user using a mobile communication terminal in a geographical area covered by a mobile radio network, the one or more processors are operable to;

determine for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that the mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal;

determine at least one ellipse defining the location area of the user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas; and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability; and

determine the at least one ellipse by;

defining a single ellipse around the polygon;

assessing whether the single ellipse defines the location area with a defined minimal density of probable sub-areas; and

determining more than one ellipse for defining the location area, otherwise.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are operable to determine the at least one ellipse by:

defining a single ellipse around the polygon; and

defining the location area by the single ellipse when number of the probable sub-areas is lower than a defined maximum number of sub-areas and/or a density of the probable sub-areas is higher than a defined minimum density, and determining more than one ellipse for defining the location area, otherwise.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are operable to determine the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are operable to group the sub-areas by:

determining an area of connected sub-areas by selecting with descending location probability from the sub-areas to be considered, sub-areas which share a common border with a sub-area already included in respective area of connected sub-areas;

removing selected sub-areas from the sub-areas to be considered; and

starting to determine an area of connected sub-areas with sub-area of the remaining sub-areas to be considered having highest location probability.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are operable to lower the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are operable to determine whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are operable to enlarge an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

18. A method, comprising:

determining for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that a mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal;

determining at least one ellipse defining a location area of a user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas, and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability; and

determining the at least one ellipse by;

defining a single ellipse around the polygon; and

defining the location area by the single ellipse when number of the probable sub-areas is lower than a defined maximum number of sub-areas and/or a density of the probable sub-areas is higher than a defined minimum density, and determining more than one ellipse for defining the location area, otherwise.

19. The method of claim 18, comprising determining more than one ellipse by:

determining sub-areas to be considered;

grouping the sub-areas to be considered into areas of connected sub-areas; and

determining an ellipse around each of the areas of connected sub-areas to define the location area.

20. The method of claim 19, comprising determining the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability.

21. The method of claim 19, comprising grouping the sub-areas to be considered by:

determining an area of connected sub-areas by selecting with descending location probability from the sub-areas to be considered, sub-areas which share a common border with a sub-area already included in respective area of connected sub-areas;

removing selected sub-areas from the sub-areas to be considered; and

starting to determine an area of connected sub-areas with sub-area of the remaining sub-areas to be considered having highest location probability.

22. The method of claim 19, comprising determining whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

23. The method of claim 19, comprising enlarging an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

25. The method of claim 23, comprising lowering the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

26. A method, comprising:

determining for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that a mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal;

determining at least one ellipse defining a location area of a user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas, and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determining more than one ellipse by;

determining sub-areas to be considered;

grouping the sub-areas to be considered into areas of connected sub-areas; and

determining an ellipse around each of the areas of connected sub-areas to define the location area; and

determining the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability.

27. The method of claim 26, comprising grouping the sub-areas to be considered by:

determining an area of connected sub-areas by selecting with descending location probability from the sub-areas to be considered, sub-areas which share a common border with a sub-area already included in respective area of connected sub-areas;

removing selected sub-areas from the sub-areas to be considered; and

starting to determine an area of connected sub-areas with sub-area of the remaining sub-areas to be considered having highest location probability.

28. The method of claim 26, comprising determining whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

29. The method of claim 26, comprising enlarging an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

31. The method of claim 29, comprising lowering the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

38. The method of claim 27, comprising enlarging an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

40. The method of claim 38, comprising lowering the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

32. A method, comprising:

determining for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that a mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal;

determining at least one ellipse defining a location area of a user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas, and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determining more than one ellipse by;

determining sub-areas to be considered;

grouping the sub-areas to be considered into areas of connected sub-areas; and

determining an ellipse around each of the areas of connected sub-areas to define the location area; and

grouping the sub-areas to be considered by;

determining an area of connected sub-areas by selecting with descending location probability from the sub-areas to be considered, sub-areas which share a common border with a sub-area already included in respective area of connected sub-areas;

removing selected sub-areas from the sub-areas to be considered; and

starting to determine an area of connected sub-areas with sub-area of the remaining sub-areas to be considered having highest location probability.

33. The method of claim 32, comprising determining whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

34. The method of claim 32, comprising enlarging an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

36. The method of claim 34, comprising lowering the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

37. A method, comprising:

determining for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that a mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal;

determining at least one ellipse defining a location area of a user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas, and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determining more than one ellipse by;

determining sub-areas to be considered;

grouping the sub-areas to be considered into areas of connected sub-areas; and

determining an ellipse around each of the areas of connected sub-areas to define the location area; and

determining whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

41. A method, comprising:

determining for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that a mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal;

determining at least one ellipse defining a location area of a user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas, and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determining more than one ellipse by;

determining sub-areas to be considered;

grouping the sub-areas to be considered into areas of connected sub-areas; and

determining an ellipse around each of the areas of connected sub-areas to define the location area;

enlarging an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

43. The method of claim 41, comprising lowering the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

44. A system, comprising:

one or more processor for use in determining a location area of a user using a mobile communication terminal in a geographical area covered by a mobile radio network, the one or more processors are operable to;

determine for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that the mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal; and

determine at least one ellipse defining the location area of the user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas; and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determine the at least one ellipse by;

defining a single ellipse around the polygon; and

defining the location area by the single ellipse when number of the probable sub-areas is lower than a defined maximum number of sub-areas and/or a density of the probable sub-areas is higher than a defined minimum density, and determining more than one ellipse for defining the location area, otherwise.

45. The system of claim 44, wherein the one or more processors are operable to determine the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability.

46. The system of claim 45, wherein the one or more processors are operable to group the sub-areas by:

determining an area of connected sub-areas by selecting with descending location probability from the sub-areas to be considered, sub-areas which share a common border with a sub-area already included in respective area of connected sub-areas;

removing selected sub-areas from the sub-areas to be considered; and

starting to determine an area of connected sub-areas with sub-area of the remaining sub-areas to be considered having highest location probability.

47. The system of claim 45, wherein the one or more processors are operable to determine whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

48. The system of claim 45, wherein the one or more processors are operable to enlarge an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

49. The system of claim 48, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

50. The system of claim 44, wherein the one or more processors are operable to lower the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

51. A system, comprising:

one or more processor for use in determining a location area of a user using a mobile communication terminal in a geographical area covered by a mobile radio network, the one or more processors are operable to;

determine for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that the mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal; and

determine at least one ellipse defining the location area of the user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas; and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determine the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability; and

group the sub-areas by;

determining an area of connected sub-areas by selecting with descending location probability from the sub-areas to be considered, sub-areas which share a common border with a sub-area already included in respective area of connected sub-areas;

removing selected sub-areas from the sub-areas to be considered; and

starting to determine an area of connected sub-areas with sub-area of the remaining sub-areas to be considered having highest location probability.

52. The system of claim 51, wherein the one or more processors are operable to lower the defined minimum mean location probability of the intermediate area, if a defined target probability has not been reached;

and repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the lowered minimum mean location probability.

53. The system of claim 51, wherein the one or more processors are operable to determine whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

54. The system of claim 51, wherein the one or more processors are operable to enlarge an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

55. The system of claim 54, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

56. A system, comprising:

one or more processor for use in determining a location area of a user using a mobile communication terminal in a geographical area covered by a mobile radio network, the one or more processors are operable to;

determine for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that the mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal; and

determine at least one ellipse defining the location area of the user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas; and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determine the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability;

determine whether number of ellipses exceeds a defined maximum number of ellipses;

increasing the target probability, when the defined maximum number of ellipses is exceeded; and

repeating the determining of more than one ellipse using the increased target probability.

57. The system of claim 56, wherein the one or more processors are operable to enlarge an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

58. The system of claim 57, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.

59. A system, comprising:

one or more processor for use in determining a location area of a user using a mobile communication terminal in a geographical area covered by a mobile radio network, the one or more processors are operable to;

determine for a plurality of sub-areas of a geographical area, location probabilities, wherein each location probability indicates a probability that the mobile communication terminal is located in the respective sub-area, based on field strengths expected in the sub-areas for antennas located in the geographical area, and based on the antenna used by the mobile communication terminal; and

determine at least one ellipse defining the location area of the user using the mobile communication terminal, based on;

the location probabilities of the sub-areas; and

a polygon enveloping probable sub-areas having at least a defined minimum location probability;

determine the sub-areas to be considered by selecting from the sub-areas with descending location probability those sub-areas which together make up at least a defined target probability;

enlarge an ellipse by using those sub-areas closest to the ellipse which have an intermediate area with at least a defined minimum mean location probability;

generating new ellipses at sub-areas where mean location probability of the intermediate area is below the minimum mean location probability, if a maximum number of ellipses has not been reached.

60. The system of claim 59, wherein the intermediate area is a geometric object, placed between the sub-area in question and the closest ellipse to the sub-area in question.