Method and system for detecting moisture in a process gas involving cross interference

• US 9,194,797 B2
• Filed: 12/20/2013
• Issued: 11/24/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Baker Hughes Holdings LLC (Baker Hughes Company)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Liu, Xiaoyong Frank, Huang, Yufeng, Parece, Gary S., Kowal, Anthony, Tao, Chong
• Primary Examiner(s): Ton, Tri T
• Application Number:
  US14/137,160
• Publication Number:
  US 20150177131A1
• Time in Patent Office: 704 Days
• Field of Search: 356432-444, 250/339.12, 250/339.13, 250/343, 422/83, 73/233.4, 73/2, 73/290.1
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/399 Diode laser
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3504 for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3554 for determining moisture content
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/39 using tunable lasers
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/59 Transmissivity G01N21/25 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/8806 Specially adapted optical and illumination features
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2201/0612 Laser diodes
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0016 by regulating a physical variable, e.g. pressure or temperature
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0047 Organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/0062 concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display

Abstract

A system includes a moisture analyzer configured to detect moisture in a process gas. The moisture analyzer includes an absorption cell that encloses and conducts the process gas. The moisture analyzer also includes a pressure control device that may reduce a pressure of the process gas inside the absorption cell. The moisture analyzer includes a light emitting device that may transmit light through the process gas inside the absorption cell, as well as a photodetector that may detect an intensity of the light transmitted through the process gas and exiting the absorption cell.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

an analyzer configured to detect moisture, or interferent(s), or both, in a process gas, wherein the analyzer comprises;

an absorption cell enclosing and conducting the process gas;

a pressure control device configured to reduce a pressure of the process gas inside the absorption cell to provide de-pressurized process gas sample at a pressure lower than an ambient pressure of the process gas;

a light emitting device configured to transmit light through the de-pressurized process gas inside the absorption cell;

a photodetector configured to detect an intensity of the light transmitted through the de-pressurized process gas and exiting the absorption cell; and

electronic circuitry configured to detect moisture, or one or more interferents, or both, in the process gas, using variable gas compensation logic, wherein the variable gas compensation logic is configured to compensate moisture detection for the interferents utilizing one or more X values associated with certain absorption features of the interferents and one or more ratio functions of the interferents, wherein the one or more ratio functions are defined as a ratio of Y values at two different marks within the spectrum of each interferents, and wherein a first Y value at a first mark relates to an interferent and a second Y value at a second mark relates to a reference mark for the same interferent.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the absorption cell comprises a multipass absorption cell.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein electronic circuitry configured to:

acquire and process at least one spectrum of each of the one or more intereferents, moisture, and the process gas;

store the one or more ratio functions of the interferents that are defined based upon the spectra of the interferents and moisture; and

utilize the ratio functions to compensate for any cross interference from the one or more interferents.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the electronic circuitry is further configured to:

store calibration data for moisture, one or more interferents, or both; and

determine a concentration of moisture, a concentration of at least one of the interferents, or both, in the process gas based at least on the spectrum of the process gas and the calibration data.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the electronic circuitry is further configured to provide compensation for pressure, temperature, or both, of the process gas sample.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the process gas is of constant, or variable, chemical composition.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the process gas is pipeline natural gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG) feed gas, regasified LNG, cracked gas out of a steam cracker, polyethylene feedstock, or hydrogen recycle gas.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the light emitting device comprises a laser, a diode laser, or a quantum cascade laser.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein electronic circuitry is configured to facilitate direct absorption spectroscopy, derivative spectroscopy, or cavity ring down spectroscopy.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the pressure control device comprises a vacuum pump or an aspirator.

11. The system of claim 8, wherein the diode laser comprises:

a thermoelectric cooler;

a temperature sensor; and

a built-in photodetector configured to detect an intensity of backward emission from the diode laser.

12. A method for detecting moisture, one or more interferents, or both, compensating for a variation in chemical composition, pressure, temperature, or a combination thereof, of a process gas, comprising:

reducing, with a pressure control device, a pressure of the process gas inside an absorption cell enclosing and conducting the process gas to provide a de-pressurized process gas at a pressure lower than an ambient pressure of the process gas;

collecting, with a spectral analyzer, one or more spectra of the de-pressurized process gas, and its light-absorbing constituents including moisture and one or more of the interferents;

defining marks at certain X values in accordance with certain absorption features of moisture or the interferents on the spectral analyzer;

determining one or more ratio functions that are defined as a ratio of Y values at two different marks within the spectrum of each interferents, wherein a first Y value at a first mark relates to an interferent and a second Y value at a second mark relates to a reference mark for the same interferent;

utilizing the determined ratio functions to disentangle the spectral interference between the moisture and the interferents, present in the spectrum of the de-pressurized process gas, to compute the Y values attributing to moisture and the interferents, wherein the Y values represent signal magnitude; and

determining, with the spectral analyzer, at least one concentration of the moisture, the one or more interferents, or a combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein an interferent is CH₄, C₂H₂, CAL, C₂H₆, or C₃H₆.

14. The method of claim 12, comprising:

recording the spectra of the interferents, in a non-interfering gas, at a concentration reflecting that present in the process gas, at more than one pressure.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the spectra of the interferents provide a one-point calibration for quantifying concentrations of the interferents with compensation for pressure, temperature, or both.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the disentanglement of spectral interference is achieved by solving a system of linear equations incorporating the ratio functions.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the moisture analysis comprises compensation for pressure, temperature, or both, of the process gas sample, accounting for spectral broadening effects by both interfering and non-interfering constituents.

18. A tangible, non-transitory, machine-readable medium, comprising machine-readable instructions to:

receive, from a spectral analyzer, one or more spectra of a de-pressurized process gas, and its light-absorbing constituents including moisture and one or more of the interferents, wherein a pressure control device reduces a pressure of a process gas inside an absorption cell enclosing the process gas to generate the de-pressurized process gas, and wherein the pressure of the de-pressurized process gas is lower than an ambient pressure of a sample gas;

define, via a processor, marks at certain X values of the one or more spectra of the de-pressurized process gas and its light-absorbing constituents in accordance with certain absorption features of moisture or the interferents on the spectral analyzer;

determine, via the processor, one or more ratio functions that are defined as a ratio of Y values at two different marks within the spectrum of each interferent, wherein a first Y value at a first mark relates to an interferent and a second Y value at a second mark relates to a reference mark for the same interferent; and

utilize, via the processor, the determined ratio functions to disentangle the spectral interference between the moisture and the interferents, present in the spectrum of the de-pressurized process gas, to compute the Y values attributing to moisture and the interferents, wherein the Y values represent signal magnitude.

19. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, comprising instructions to:

record the spectra of the interferents, in a non-interfering gas, at a concentration reflecting that present in the process gas, at more than one pressure.

20. The machine-readable medium of claim 18, comprising instructions to:

solve a system of linear equations incorporating the ratio functions to compute the Y values attributing to moisture and the interferents.