Variable-emittance electrochromic devices and methods of preparing the same
First Claim
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1. A flexible, variable-emittance, electrochromic device comprising:
- (a) a working electrode comprising;
(i) an IR-active, electrochromic conducting polymer layer;
(ii) an electrolyte permeable substrate layer; and
(iii) a conductive reflective layer disposed between the electrolyte permeable substrate layer and the conducting polymer layer; and
(b) an ionic liquid electrolyte in electrochemical communication with the conducting polymer layer;
the ionic liquid electrolyte comprising at least one counterion, wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtrifluoroacetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4), BMIM-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMIM-TF2N), 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, or a combination thereof;
wherein the electrochromic conducting polymer layer incorporates the at least one counterion of the ionic liquid electrolyte in an amount effective to enable efficient electrochromic switching of the device at temperatures of about −
80°
C. to about 95°
C.
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Abstract
Variable-emittance, electrochromic devices utilizing IR-active conducting polymers and methods of preparing the same are disclosed.
179 Citations
82 Claims
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1. A flexible, variable-emittance, electrochromic device comprising:
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(a) a working electrode comprising; (i) an IR-active, electrochromic conducting polymer layer; (ii) an electrolyte permeable substrate layer; and (iii) a conductive reflective layer disposed between the electrolyte permeable substrate layer and the conducting polymer layer; and (b) an ionic liquid electrolyte in electrochemical communication with the conducting polymer layer;
the ionic liquid electrolyte comprising at least one counterion, wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtrifluoroacetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4), BMIM-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMIM-TF2N), 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, or a combination thereof;wherein the electrochromic conducting polymer layer incorporates the at least one counterion of the ionic liquid electrolyte in an amount effective to enable efficient electrochromic switching of the device at temperatures of about −
80°
C. to about 95°
C. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
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43. An activated IR-active, variable-emittance, electrochromic apparatus comprising:
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(a) a working electrode comprising an IR-active conducting polymer matrix; (b) a counter electrode in electrochemical communication with the working electrode; (c) an ionic liquid electrolyte, said ionic liquid electrolyte contacting both the working electrode and the counter electrode; and wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte is in electrochemical communication with the conducting polymer matrix such that the conducting polymer matrix is configured to undergo electrochemical reduction or oxidation upon application of an electric potential to the working electrode. - View Dependent Claims (44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
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61. A method of preparing a variable emittance, electrochromic device for use in a high vacuum environment, comprising the steps of:
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(a) providing at least one electrode having an electrolyte permeable substrate, a reflective conductive material, and an IR-active conducting polymer matrix;
wherein the step of providing the at least one electrode comprises providing an ionic liquid electrolyte and contacting the electrolyte permeable substrate with the ionic liquid electrolyte, wherein the ionic liquid electrolyte comprises 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (BMIM-BF4), 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtrifluoroacetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (EMIM-BF4), BMIM-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMIM-TF2N), 1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, or a combination thereof; and(b) activating the at least one electrode to provide the variable emittance, electrochromic device. - View Dependent Claims (62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79)
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80. A method of activating and providing a variable-emittance electrochromic electrode having an IR-active conducting polymer matrix and an ionic liquid having a counterion, comprising the steps of:
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(a) applying a negative potential to the electrode that is sufficient to reduce the IR-active conducting polymer to a reduced state; (b) heating the electrode to a temperature of at least about 70 C-210 C; (c) applying a positive potential to the electrode that is sufficient to oxidize the IR-active conducting polymer to an oxidized state; and (d) optionally, repeating steps (a) through (c) until the counterion of the ionic liquid is sufficiently incorporated into the IR-active polymer matrix. - View Dependent Claims (81, 82)
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Specification