Microbial electrolysis cells and methods for the production of chemical products

• US 9,216,919 B2
• Filed: 03/15/2013
• Issued: 12/22/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/28/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Arizona Science and Technology Enterprises LLC
• Original Assignee: Arizona Science and Technology Enterprises LLC
• Inventors: Popat, Sudeep, Parameswaran, Prathap, Torres, Cesar, Rittmann, Bruce
• Primary Examiner(s): Wilkins, III, Harry D
• Application Number:
  US13/839,154
• Publication Number:
  US 20130256149A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,012 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2001/46133 characterised by the material
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2001/46157 Perforated or foraminous electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2201/46115 Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2201/4619 Supplying gas to the electrolyte gas diffusion electrodes C02F2001/46166
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 3/005 Combined electrochemical biological processes aeration by electrolytically produced oxygen bubbles C02F3/202
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 1/04 by electrolysis of water
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 11/02 characterised by shape or form
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 9/19 with diaphragms
• CPC Class Codes: C25B 9/73 of the filter-press type
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/36 Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

A microbial electrolysis cell having a brush anode is described. A method of producing products, such as hydrogen, at the cathode of the microbial electrolysis cell is also provided. The microbial electrolysis cell is configured in a cylindrical shape having an anode, cathode and anion exchange membrane all disposed concentrically. A brush anode spirally wound around the outside of the cylindrical microbial electrolysis cell is described. The method may include sparging the anode and/or cathode with air in some cases. In addition, CO₂-containing gas may be injected into a cathode chamber to reduce pH is some cases.

Claims

1. A microbial electrolysis cell, comprising:

a high surface-area brush anode comprising a plurality of brush fibers emanating from a conductive wire;

a cathode;

a power source operatively connected to the brush anode and the cathode;

an anion exchange membrane separating the brush anode from the cathode, wherein the cathode and the anion exchange membrane form a substantially cylindrical assembly and wherein the brush anode is spirally wound onto the cylindrical assembly to form a substantially cylindrical electrolysis cell; and

a reaction chamber containing the substantially cylindrical electrolysis cell,

wherein a separation distance between the brush anode and the cathode is not greater than about 1.5 cm, and wherein the anion exchange membrane operatively separates the reaction chamber into an anode chamber containing the brush anode and a cathode chamber containing the cathode.

2. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the brush anode comprises a plurality of brush fibers emanating from a conductive wire disposed approximately through the center of the anode, wherein the brush fibers comprise carbon fibers and the conductive wire comprises stainless steel.

3. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises a metal foam.

4. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 3, wherein the metal foam has a thickness not greater than about 5 mm.

5. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode comprises nickel metal foam.

6. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the separation distance between the brush anode and the cathode is not greater than about 1.25 cm.

7. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the brush anode has a thickness of not greater than about 2.0 cm.

8. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the brush anode has a length, wherein the brush anode is in direct physical contact with the anion exchange membrane along at least a portion of its length.

9. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode is in direct physical contact with the anion exchange membrane.

10. The microbial electrolysis cell of claim 1, wherein the anion exchange membrane is a hydrocarbon polymer membrane comprising quaternary ammonium moieties.

11. A multi-module microbial electrolysis cell treatment apparatus, comprising:

a treatment tank having an inlet for influent and an outlet for effluent; and

a plurality of cylindrical microbial electrolysis cells operatively disposed within the treatment tank, the microbial electrolysis cells comprising;

a high surface-area brush anode comprising a plurality of brush fibers emanating from a conductive wire;

a cathode;

a power source operatively connected to the brush anode and the cathode; and

an anion exchange membrane separating the brush anode from the cathode,

wherein the cathode and the anion exchange membrane form a substantially cylindrical assembly and wherein the brush anode is spirally wound onto the cylindrical assembly to form the cylindrical microbial electrolysis cells, wherein a separation distance between the brush anode and the cathode is not greater than about 1.5 cm and wherein the anion exchange membrane operatively separates the influent from the effluent in the treatment tank.

12. The multi-module microbial electrolysis cell treatment apparatus of claim 11, wherein the anion exchange membrane is a hydrocarbon polymer membrane comprising quaternary ammonium moieties.