System and method for solar energy capture and related method of manufacturing

• US 9,274,266 B2
• Filed: 09/18/2009
• Issued: 03/01/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 09/19/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Ford, Joseph E., Karp, Jason Harris, Hallas, Justin Matthew, Tremblay, Eric
• Primary Examiner(s): Michener, Jennifer
• Assistant Examiner(s): Danicic, Christopher
• Application Number:
  US13/119,955
• Publication Number:
  US 20110226332A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,356 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B29D 11/00009 Production of simple or compound lenses
• CPC Class Codes: B29D 11/00865 Applying coatings; tinting; colouring printing, marking or copying processes B41M; identification in general G09F3/00; producing decorative effects in general B44C; positioning or marking of lenses B24B13/0055
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/12 Light guides
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/31 having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/7861 Solar tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 19/0028 refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 19/0042 for use with direct solar radiation
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0037 characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 3/0056 arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses G02B3/0043 takes precedence; miniaturised objectives for electronic devices employing wafer level optics G02B13/0085
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0038 Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0053 Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0078 Side-by-side arrangements, e.g. for large area displays
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/26 Optical coupling means G02B6/36, G02B6/42 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 7/005 Motorised alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0543 comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/0547 comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 31/055 where light is absorbed and re-emitted at a different wavelength by the optical element directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/10 Photovoltaic [PV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/40 Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/47 : Mountings or tracking
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/52 : PV systems with concentrators

Abstract

A system and method of capturing solar energy, and related method of manufacturing, are disclosed. In at least one embodiment, the system includes a first lens array having a plurality of lenses, and a first waveguide component adjacent to the lens array, where the waveguide component receives light, and where the waveguide component includes an array of prism/mirrored facets arranged along at least one surface of the waveguide component. The system further includes at least one photovoltaic cell positioned so as to receive at least a portion of the light that is directed out of the waveguide. A least some of the light passing into the waveguide component is restricted from leaving the waveguide component upon being reflected by at least one of the prism/mirrored facets, hereby the at least some light restricted from leaving the waveguide component is directed by the waveguide toward the at least one photovoltaic cell.

Claims

1. A system for capturing solar energy, the system comprising:

a first lens array having a plurality of lenses;

a first waveguide component adjacent to the lens array, wherein the waveguide component receives light, and wherein the waveguide component includes an array of prism facets or mirrored facets arranged at discrete locations along at least one surface of the waveguide component; and

at least one photovoltaic cell positioned so as to receive at least a portion of the light that is directed out of the waveguide component;

wherein;

at least some of the light passing into the waveguide component is restricted from leaving the waveguide component upon being reflected by at least one of the prism facets or mirrored facets, whereby the at least some light restricted from leaving the waveguide component is directed by the waveguide toward the at least one photovoltaic cell,

the waveguide component includes a first surface and a second surface, the first surface to receive the light after propagation through the lens array and the second surface to receive the light after propagation through at least a portion of the waveguide, and

the discrete locations of the prism or mirrored facets include a photosensitive material that is local to the discrete locations and is capable of repeatedly responding to changes in the light, such that the light that passes through the first lens array and illuminates the discrete locations of the prisms or mirror facets causes a change in optical properties of the photosensitive material at the discrete locations, thereby changing characteristics of the prism facets or mirrored facets over time as the light received by the waveguide component varies in direction, the photosensitive material including a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles in a fluid, the nanoparticles having a higher index of refraction than the fluid.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least some light is substantially trapped within the waveguide by total internal reflection due to operation of the prism or mirrored facets.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the prism or mirrored facets is aligned with a respective one of the lenses of the lens array.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the lens array includes an outer surface upon which the light received by the waveguide is initially incident prior to being received by the waveguide, and an inner surface opposed to the outer surface, the inner surface extending alongside the waveguide component.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the lenses of the lens array serve to focus the light toward the prism or mirrored facets of the waveguide component.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the waveguide component includes a first surface, a second surface and an intermediate light conductive structure in between the first and second surfaces, wherein a cladding layer positioned between the first surface of the waveguide component and the inner surface of the lens array and the cladding layer having a lower index of refraction compared to the intermediate light conductive structure.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the prism or mirrored facets are formed along the second surface.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the photosensitive material operates to repeatedly sense and respond to changes in electric fields of portions of the light, by drawing in high dielectric index particles so as to achieve optical trapping.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the waveguide component receives the light from the lens array after the light has previously arrived at the lens array.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the light arrives at the lens array from an external location.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the light arrives at the lens array after first passing through the waveguide component.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the lens array includes a mirrored surface for reflecting the light arriving at the lens array back toward the waveguide component.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the mirrored surface is a dichroic surface by which at least a portion of additional light arriving at the lens array is able to proceed to either a diffuse light receiver or another waveguide component.

14. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second lens array, wherein the waveguide component is positioned in between the first lens array and the second lens array.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the light received by the waveguide component is received after having first passed through the first lens array and having additionally been reflected by the second lens array back toward the waveguide component.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein the waveguide component is laterally shiftable relative to the first and second lens arrays.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein a first of the at least one photovoltaic cell is positioned along a longitudinal edge of the waveguide component.

18. The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more of a folding prism, a curved mirror, or a reflector positioned along at least one longitudinal edge of the waveguide component.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the at least some of the light directed toward the at least one photovoltaic cell proceeds to the at least one photovoltaic cell only after being redirected by one or more of the folding prism, the curved mirror, or the reflector.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein a first of the at least one photovoltaic cell also receives additional light from another adjacent waveguide component.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein a first portion of the at least some light restricted from leaving the waveguide component is directed by the waveguide component to and through a first edge surface of the waveguide component and thereby coupled into a first of the at least one photovoltaic cell.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the first edge surface includes a first dichroic mirror allowing for transmission of the first portion of the at least some light corresponding to a first light spectrum portion to pass out of the waveguide component for receipt by the first photovoltaic cell.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein the waveguide component includes a second edge surface having a second dichroic mirror allowing for transmission of a second portion of the at least some light corresponding to a second light spectrum portion to pass out of the waveguide component for receipt by a second of the at least one photovoltaic cell.

24. The system of claim 1,

wherein the first waveguide component includes first and second longitudinal surfaces that are substantially opposed to one another, wherein the first longitudinal surface extends alongside the lens array,

wherein the waveguide component further includes first and second side edge surfaces each extending between the first and second longitudinal surfaces and further extending away from the lens array, and

wherein the waveguide component further includes first and second end edge surfaces each extending between the longitudinal surfaces and also between the side edge surfaces.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein a first dichroic mirror is formed on the first end edge surface and a second dichroic mirror is formed on the second end edge surface, wherein the first dichroic mirror allows a first portion of the at least some light to pass out of the waveguide component for receipt by a first of the at least one photovoltaic cell but precludes a second portion of the at least some light to pass out of the waveguide component, and wherein the second dichroic mirror allows the second portion to pass out of the waveguide component for receipt by a second of the at least one photovoltaic cell but precludes the first portion to pass out of the waveguide component.

26. A system for capturing solar energy, the system comprising:

a lens array having a plurality of lenses;

a waveguide component adjacent to the lens array, wherein the waveguide component receives light, wherein the waveguide component includes an array of prism facets or mirrored facets arranged at discrete locations along at least one surface of the waveguide component; and

wherein at least some of the light passing into the waveguide component is restricted from leaving the waveguide component upon being reflected by at least one of the prism facets or mirrored facets, and

wherein discrete locations of the prisms or mirrored facets include a photosensitive material that is local to the discrete locations and is capable of repeatedly responding to changes in the light such that the light that passes through the lens array and illuminates the discrete locations of the prisms or mirror facets causes a change in optical properties of the photosensitive material at the discrete locations, thereby changing characteristics of the prism facets or mirrored facets over time as the light received by the waveguide component varies in direction and coupling a majority of light incident upon the lens array into the waveguide, the photosensitive material including a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles in a fluid, the nanoparticles having a higher index of refraction than the fluid.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein the at least some light is substantially trapped within the waveguide by total internal reflection due to operation of the prism facets or mirrored facets.

28. The system of claim 26, wherein each of the prism facets or mirrored facets are aligned with a respective one of the lenses of the lens array.

29. The system of claim 26, wherein the lens array includes an outer surface upon which the light received by the waveguide is initially incident prior to being received by the waveguide, and an inner surface opposed to the outer surface, the inner surface extending alongside the waveguide component.

30. The system of claim 26, wherein the lenses of the lens array serve to focus the light toward the prism facets or mirrored facets of the waveguide component.

31. The system of claim 26, wherein the waveguide component includes a first surface, a second surface and an intermediate light conductive structure in between the first and second surfaces, wherein a cladding layer positioned between the first surface of the waveguide component and the inner surface of the lens array and the cladding layer having a lower index of refraction compared to the intermediate light conductive structure.

32. The system of claim 26, wherein the photosensitive material operates to repeatedly sense and respond to changes in intensity of portions of the light, by drawing in high dielectric index particles so as to achieve optical trapping.

33. The system of claim 26, further comprising a second lens array, wherein the waveguide component is positioned in between the lens array and the second lens array.

34. The system of claim 26, wherein a first photovoltaic cell is positioned along a longitudinal edge of the waveguide component.

35. The system of claim 34, wherein a first portion of the at least some light restricted from leaving the waveguide component is directed by the waveguide component to and through a first edge surface of the waveguide component and thereby coupled into a first of at least one photovoltaic cell.

36. The system of claim 26,

wherein the waveguide component includes first and second longitudinal surfaces that are substantially opposed to one another, wherein the first longitudinal surface extends alongside the lens array,

wherein the waveguide component further includes first and second side edge surfaces each extending between the first and second longitudinal surfaces and further extending away from the lens array, and

wherein the waveguide component further includes first and second end edge surfaces each extending between the longitudinal surfaces and also between the side edge surfaces.