Automatically determining alarm threshold settings for monitored battery system components in battery systems, and related components, systems, and methods

• US 9,276,298 B2
• Filed: 02/28/2013
• Issued: 03/01/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 02/28/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ndsl, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Ndsl, Inc.
• Inventors: Brown, David, Battle, David Robert, Belcher, Christopher James, Brown, Duncan Joseph, Feller, George
• Primary Examiner(s): MARKS, JACOB B
• Application Number:
  US13/780,795
• Publication Number:
  US 20140242432A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,097 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/16542 for batteries charge condition monitoring in G01R31/36
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3647 for determining the ability of a battery to perform a critical function, e.g. cranking
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/386 using test-loads
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/389 Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/396 Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/482 for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4278 Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

Embodiments disclosed include automatically determining alarm threshold settings for monitored battery cells in battery systems. Battery monitoring control units are provided that are configured to initiate battery performance tests (e.g., ohmic tests) on battery cells in a battery system. Failing battery cells are identified as those battery cells having battery performance characteristics outside defined battery performance threshold settings. An initial performance alarm threshold setting is established for each battery cell because of unique performance characteristics that can substantially change during initial charging cycles before the battery cells have settled. A settled performance alarm threshold setting specific to each battery cell is then established based on battery cell performance during the defined settling time period. In this manner, more accurate performance alarm threshold settings are automatically established for monitoring each battery cell based on the individual performance characteristics of each battery cell during the settling time period.

Claims

1. A battery monitoring control unit configured to determine performance alarm threshold settings for battery system components in a battery system, the battery monitoring control unit configured to:

before expiration of a defined battery settling time period;

instruct at least one battery monitoring device coupled to a plurality of battery system components to measure an initial performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

set an initial performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components based on the at least one measured performance value of the tested battery system component, the initial performance alarm threshold setting to be used to determine battery performance characteristics of the tested battery system component during an initial battery testing time period; and

instruct at least one battery monitoring device coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure at least one subsequent performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components; and

upon expiration of the defined battery settling time period, set a settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component based on the at least one subsequent measured performance value for each tested battery system component, the settled performance alarm threshold setting to be used to determine battery performance characteristics of each tested battery system component after the battery settling time period.

2. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1, wherein at least one battery system component among the plurality of battery system components is comprised of at least one battery cell.

3. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1, wherein at least one battery system component among the plurality of battery system components is comprised of at least one inter-tier link connecting a first battery subset to a second battery subset.

4. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1, wherein at least one battery system component among the plurality of battery system components is comprised of at least one inter-cell link connecting a first battery cell to a second battery cell.

5. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1, at least one battery system component among the plurality of battery system components is comprised of first battery supply line and a second battery supply line coupled to the battery system.

6. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1 further configured to determine:

if a battery system component among the plurality of battery system components has a settled performance alarm threshold setting stored in memory; and

instruct the at least one battery monitoring device to measure the initial performance value of the battery system component among the plurality of battery system components, if the battery system component among the plurality of battery system components does not have a settled performance alarm threshold setting stored in memory.

7. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 6 further configured to not instruct the at least one battery monitoring device to measure the initial performance value of the battery system component among the plurality of battery system components, if the battery system component among the plurality of battery system components has the settled performance alarm threshold setting stored in memory.

8. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1 further configured to, before expiration of the defined battery settling time period:

compare the at least one subsequent measured performance value of each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components to each initial performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component; and

generate at least one performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the at least one subsequent measured performance value exceeds the initial performance alarm threshold setting for the tested battery system component.

9. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 8 further configured to record the at least one generated performance alarm in memory coupled to the battery monitoring control unit.

10. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 8,

wherein the initial performance alarm threshold setting comprises an initial performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

and

wherein the battery monitoring control unit is configured to generate the at least one performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the at least one subsequent measured performance value is outside the initial performance alarm threshold setting band for the tested battery system component.

11. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 10 further configured to set the initial performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components as comprising:

an initial high performance alarm threshold setting a defined value above the measured initial performance value of each battery system component; and

an initial low performance alarm threshold setting a defined value below the measured initial performance value of each battery system component.

12. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 11 configured to:

set the initial high performance alarm threshold setting a defined percentage above the measured initial performance value of each battery system component; and

set the initial low performance alarm threshold setting the defined percentage below the measured initial performance value of each battery system component.

13. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1 further configured to, after expiration of the defined battery settling time period, instruct the at least one battery monitoring device coupled to the plurality of battery system components to periodically measure a settled performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components.

14. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 13 further configured to, after expiration of the defined battery settling time period:

compare the measured settled performance value of each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components to each settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component; and

generate a settled performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the measured settled performance value exceeds the settled performance alarm threshold setting for the tested battery system component.

15. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 14 further configured to record the generated settled performance alarm in memory coupled to the battery monitoring control unit.

16. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 15,

wherein the settled performance alarm threshold setting comprises a settled performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

and

wherein the battery monitoring control unit is configured to generate the settled performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the measured settled performance value is outside the settled performance alarm threshold setting band for the tested battery system component.

17. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 16 further configured to set the settled performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components as comprising:

a settled high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value above the measured settled performance value of each battery system component; and

a settled low performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value below the measured settled performance value of each battery system component.

18. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 17 configured to:

set the settled high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined percentage above the measured settled performance value of each battery system component; and

set the settled low performance alarm threshold setting to the defined percentage below of the measured settled performance value of each battery system component.

19. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1 configured to, upon expiration of the defined battery settling time period, set the settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component based on an average of the plurality of subsequent performance values for each tested battery system component.

20. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1, wherein the defined battery settling time period is at least thirty (30) days.

21. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1 configured to:

before expiration of the defined battery settling time period;

instruct at least one battery monitoring device coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure the initial performance value of each battery system component of a subset of the plurality of battery system components; and

instruct at least one battery monitoring device coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure at least one subsequent performance value of each battery system component of the subset of the plurality of battery system components.

22. The battery monitoring control unit of claim 1, wherein the at least one measured performance value of the tested battery system component is an ohmic value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components.

23. A method of determining performance alarm threshold settings for a plurality of battery system components monitored by a battery monitoring system, comprising:

before expiration of a defined battery settling time period;

instructing at least one battery monitoring device coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure an initial performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

setting an initial performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components based on the at least one measured performance value of the tested battery system component, the initial performance alarm threshold setting to be used to determine battery performance characteristics of the tested battery system component during an initial battery testing time period; and

instructing at least one battery monitoring device coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure at least one subsequent performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components; and

upon expiration of the defined battery settling time period, setting a settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component based on the at least one subsequent measured performance value for each tested battery system component, the settled performance alarm threshold setting to be used to determine the battery performance characteristics of each tested battery system component after the defined battery settling time period.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising, before expiration of the defined battery settling time period:

Comparing the at least one subsequent measured performance value of each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components to each initial performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component; and

generating at least one performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the at least one subsequent measured performance value exceeds the initial performance alarm threshold setting for the tested battery system component.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising recording the at least one generated performance alarm in memory.

26. The method of claim 24,

wherein the initial performance alarm threshold setting comprises an initial performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

and

generating the at least one performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the at least one subsequent measured performance value is outside the initial performance alarm threshold setting band for the tested battery system component.

27. The method of claim 26 further comprises setting the initial performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components, wherein:

an initial high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value above the measured initial performance value of each battery system component; and

an initial low performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value below the measured initial performance value of each battery system component.

28. The method of claim 27 comprises:

setting the initial high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined percentage above the measured initial performance value of each battery system component; and

setting the initial low performance alarm threshold setting to a defined percentage below the measured initial performance value of each battery system component.

29. The method of claim 23 further comprises, after expiration of the defined battery settling time period, instructing the at least one battery monitoring device coupled to the plurality of battery system components to periodically measure a settled performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components.

30. The method of claim 29 further comprises, after expiration of the defined battery settling time period:

comparing the measured settled performance value of each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components to each settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component; and

generating a settled performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the measured settled performance value exceeds the settled performance alarm threshold setting for the tested battery system component.

31. The method of claim 30 further comprises recording the generated settled performance alarm in memory.

32. The method of claim 31,

wherein the settled performance alarm threshold setting comprises a settled performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

and

generating the settled performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the measured settled performance value is outside the settled performance alarm threshold setting band for the tested battery system component.

33. The method of claim 32 further comprises setting the settled performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components, wherein:

a settled high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value above the measured settled performance value of each battery system component; and

a settled low performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value below the measured settled performance value of each battery system component.

34. The method of claim 33 comprises:

setting the settled high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined percentage above the measured settled performance value of each battery system component; and

setting the settled low performance alarm threshold setting to a defined percentage below the measured settled performance value of each battery system component.

35. The method of claim 33 comprises, upon expiration of the defined battery settling time period, setting the settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component based on an average of the subsequent performance values for each tested battery system component.

36. A battery monitoring system, comprising:

a plurality of battery cell substrings each comprising a plurality of battery cells electrically connected in series;

at least one inter-tier link electrically coupling one battery cell substring of the plurality of battery cell substrings to another battery cell substring of the plurality of battery cell substrings to form a battery from the plurality of battery cell substrings;

a plurality of inter-cell links electrically couple adjacent battery cells of the plurality of battery cells together to form battery cell substrings;

a plurality of battery monitoring devices, each battery monitoring device of the plurality of battery monitoring devices coupled to a battery cell substring among the plurality of battery cell substrings; and

a battery monitoring control unit coupled to the plurality of battery monitoring devices; and

the battery monitoring control unit configured to determine performance alarm threshold settings for battery system components, the battery monitoring control unit configured to;

before expiration of a defined battery settling time period;

instruct at least one of the plurality of battery monitoring devices coupled to a plurality of battery system components to measure an initial performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

set an initial performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components based on the at least one measured performance value of the tested battery system component, the initial performance alarm threshold setting to be used to determine battery performance characteristics of the tested battery system component during an initial battery testing time period; and

instruct at least one of the plurality of battery monitoring devices coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure at least one subsequent performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery cells; and

upon expiration of the defined battery settling time period, set a settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component based on the at least one subsequent measured performance value for each tested battery system component, the settled performance alarm threshold setting to be used to determine battery performance characteristics of each tested battery system component after the defined battery settling time period.

37. The battery monitoring system of claim 36 further configured to, before expiration of the defined battery settling time period:

compare the at least one subsequent measured performance value of each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components to each initial performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component; and

generate at least one performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the at least one subsequent measured performance value exceeds the initial performance alarm threshold setting for the tested battery system component.

38. The battery monitoring system of claim 37,

wherein the initial performance alarm threshold setting comprises an initial performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

and

wherein the battery monitoring control unit is configured to generate the at least one performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the at least one subsequent measured performance value is outside the initial performance alarm threshold setting band for the tested battery system component.

39. The battery monitoring system of claim 38 further configured to set the initial performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components as comprising:

an initial high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value above the measured initial performance value of each battery system component; and

an initial low performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value below the measured initial performance value of each battery system component.

40. The battery monitoring system of claim 36 further configured to, after expiration of the defined battery settling time period, instruct the at least one of the plurality of battery monitoring devices coupled to the plurality of battery system components to periodically measure a settled performance value of each battery system component of the plurality of battery system components.

41. The battery monitoring system of claim 40 further configured to, after expiration of the defined battery settling time period:

compare the measured settled performance value of each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components to each settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component; and

generate a settled performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the measured settled performance value exceeds the settled performance alarm threshold setting for the tested battery system component.

42. The battery monitoring system of claim 41,

wherein the settled performance alarm threshold setting comprises a settled performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components;

and

wherein the battery monitoring control unit is configured to generate the settled performance alarm for each tested battery system component among the plurality of battery system components if the measured settled performance value is outside the settled performance alarm threshold setting band for the tested battery system component.

43. The battery monitoring system of claim 42 further configured to set the settled performance alarm threshold setting band for each tested battery system component of the plurality of battery system components as comprising:

a settled high performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value above the measured settled performance value of each battery system component; and

a settled low performance alarm threshold setting to a defined value below the measured settled performance value of each battery system component.

44. The battery monitoring system of claim 36 configured to, upon expiration of the defined battery settling time period, set the settled performance alarm threshold setting for each tested battery system component based on an average of the subsequent performance values for each tested battery system component.

45. The battery monitoring system of claim 36 configured to:

before expiration of the defined battery settling time period;

instruct at least one of the plurality of battery monitoring devices coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure the initial performance value of each battery system component of a subset of the plurality of battery system components; and

instruct at least one of the plurality of battery monitoring devices coupled to the plurality of battery system components to measure at least one subsequent performance value of each battery system component of the subset of the plurality of battery system components.