Method and apparatus of monitoring foot inflammation

• US 9,326,723 B2
• Filed: 03/19/2015
• Issued: 05/03/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Podimetrics, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Podimetrics, Inc.
• Inventors: Petersen, Brian, Bloom, Jonathan David, Linders, David Robert, Engler, Jeffrey Mark
• Primary Examiner(s): TOWA, RENE T
• Application Number:
  US14/662,738
• Publication Number:
  US 20150190059A1
• Time in Patent Office: 411 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0276 comprising a thermosensitive compound
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2576/02 specially adapted for a particular organ or body part
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0008 Temperature signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0022 Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0075 by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy A61B5/0071 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0077 Devices for viewing the surface of the body, e.g. camera, magnifying lens
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/015 By temperature mapping of body part
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/445 Evaluating skin irritation or skin trauma, e.g. rash, eczema, wound, bed sore
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/447 specially adapted for aiding the prevention of ulcer or pressure sore development, i.e. before the ulcer or sore has developed
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6807 Footwear
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6892 Mats
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/706 Indicia not located on the patient, e.g. floor marking
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7275 Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7282 Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition A61B5/4094, A61B5/4818, A61B5/349, A61B5/0823 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7425 Displaying combinations of multiple images regardless of image source, e.g. displaying a reference anatomical image with a live image geometric transforms for image registration G06T3/14; enhancement using image fusion G06T5/50; algorithms for registration of images G06T7/30
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/63 for local operation
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/30 for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment

Abstract

A method and apparatus for evaluating foot inflammation each uses at least one temperature detection modality to form a first thermogram and a second thermogram of the sole of at least one foot. Each thermogram forms a substantially continuous set of two-dimensional temperature values across the sole of the (at least one) foot. The thermograms have features; namely, the first thermogram has first features and the second thermogram has second features. The method and apparatus thus control a device to apply at least one transformation to the first and second thermograms to align the first features with corresponding second features, and determine, at any thermogram location, if at least one of the thermograms presents one of a plurality of patterns indicative of inflammation. Finally, the method and apparatus each produce output information indicating the result of the determination of whether the thermograms present one of the plurality of patterns.

Claims

1. A method of evaluating foot inflammation of at least one foot of a patient, each foot having a sole, the method comprising:

providing one or more processors;

generating, using at least one of the one or more processors and temperature data produced by at least one temperature detection modality, a first thermogram and a separate second thermogram of a sole of each of the at least one foot, each thermogram forming a spatially continuous data set of two-dimensional temperature values across a sole of each of the at least one foot, the first thermogram having first features, the second thermogram having second features;

controlling at least one of the one or more processors to apply at least one transformation to one or both of the first and second thermograms to align the first features of the first thermogram with corresponding second features of the second thermogram;

determining, by at least one of the one or more processors, at any thermogram location, if at least one of the thermograms presents one of a plurality of patterns indicative of foot inflammation; and

producing, by at least one of the one or more processors, output information indicating a result of the determination of whether the thermograms present one of the plurality of patterns.

2. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein the at least one transformation comprises a non-affine transformation.

3. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein the at least one transformation comprises an affine transformation.

4. The method as defined by claim 3 wherein the at least one affine transformation comprises at least one of reflection, rotation, scaling and translation.

5. The method as defined by claim 3 wherein the at least one transformation further comprises a non-affine transformation to at least one of the first and second thermograms.

6. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein the first thermogram represents a sole a left foot of a given person and the second thermogram represents a sole of a right foot of the given person.

7. The method as defined by claim 6 further comprising:

using the modality to obtain temperature data across the sole of the left foot at a first time;

using the modality to obtain temperature data across the sole of the right foot at a second time,

the first time and second time being different times.

8. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein both the first thermogram and the second thermogram represent a sole of the same foot of a given person, the temperature data used to form the first and second thermograms being obtained at different times.

9. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein the at least one temperature detection modality includes a thermal camera.

10. The method as defined by claim 9 wherein using said generating comprises:

a person holding the thermal camera in an unconstrained manner in at least three degrees of freedom in free space when the thermal camera obtains temperature data of a sole of each of the at least one foot, the thermal camera being free to move in space while the person holds the thermal camera and obtains the temperature data.

11. The method as defined by claim 10 wherein the at least three degrees of freedom includes at least three of:

translational movement in the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis of the Cartesian Coordinate System, and rotation about the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis of the Cartesian Coordinate System.

12. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein the at least one temperature detection modality comprises an insole in which the foot is positioned.

13. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said controlling comprises changing the orientation of at least one of the first and second thermograms for X-axis translation, X-axis rotation, Y-axis translation, Y-axis rotation, Z-axis translation, and Z-axis rotation.

14. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said generating comprises:

obtaining a plurality of discrete temperature values of the a sole of each of the at least one foot; and

calculating temperatures between a plurality of adjacent discrete temperature values to form the thermograms of the a sole of each of the at least one foot.

15. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein the at least one temperature detection modality comprises an open platform having a substrate for receiving the at least one foot, and a plurality of temperature sensors that are stationary relative to the substrate.

16. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein said controlling comprises retrieving the first thermogram from memory in an orientation, and using the orientation of the first thermogram to orient the second thermogram.

17. The method as defined by claim 1 further comprising providing the at least one temperature detection modality, the temperature detection modality being configured to determine temperatures across a two-dimensional area of a sole of at least one foot.

18. The method as defined by claim 1 further comprising normalizing the amplitude of the two-dimensional temperature values of the first and second thermograms against a common value.

19. The method as defined by claim 1 wherein the at least one transformation aligns the first features and the second features to a common coordinate system.

20. A system for evaluating foot inflammation of at least one foot of a patient, each foot having a sole, the system comprising:

a thermogram generator having a processor configured to form a first thermogram and a second thermogram from temperature data of a sole of each of the at least one foot, each thermogram forming a spatially continuous data set of two-dimensional temperature values across a sole of each of the at least one foot, the first thermogram having first features, the second thermogram having second features;

an orientation module operatively coupled with the thermogram generator, the orientation module being configured to apply at least one affine transformation to at least the first thermogram to align the first features of first thermogram with corresponding second features of the second thermogram;

a pattern recognition system operatively coupled with the orientation module, the pattern recognition module being configured to determine, at any location within the first thermogram and the second thermogram, if the thermograms present one of a plurality of patterns indicative of foot inflammation; and

an analyzer operatively coupled with the pattern recognition system, the analyzer being configured to produce output information indicating a result of the determination of whether the thermograms present one of the plurality of patterns.

21. The system as defined by claim 20 wherein the first thermogram represents a sole a left foot of a given person and the second thermogram represents a sole of a right foot of the given person.

22. The system as defined by claim 21 further wherein:

the thermogram generator is configured to obtain temperature data across the sole of the left foot at a first time, and to obtain temperature data across the sole of the right foot at a second time, the first time and second time being different times.

23. The system as defined by claim 20 wherein both the first thermogram and the second thermogram represent the sole of the same foot of a given person, the temperature data used to form the first and second thermograms being obtained at substantially the same time.

24. The system as defined by claim 20 wherein the thermogram generator includes a thermal camera.

25. The system as defined by claim 24 wherein the thermal camera is configured so that a person can hold the thermal camera in an unconstrained manner in at least three degrees of freedom in free space to obtain temperature data of a sole of each of the at least one foot, the camera being free to move in space while the person holds the thermal camera and obtains the temperature data.

26. The system as defined by claim 25 wherein the at least three degrees of freedom includes at least three of:

translational movement in the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis of the Cartesian Coordinate System, and rotation about the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis of the Cartesian Coordinate System.

27. The system as defined by claim 20 wherein the thermogram generator includes an insole configured to receive the at least one foot.

28. The system as defined by claim 20 wherein the thermogram generator is configured to:

obtain a plurality of discrete temperature values of the sole of the at least one foot; and

calculate temperatures between a plurality of adjacent discrete temperature values to form the thermograms of a sole of each of the at least one foot.

29. A computer program product for use on a computer system for evaluating foot inflammation of at least one foot of a patient, each foot having a sole, the computer program product comprising a tangible, non-transient computer usable medium having computer readable program code thereon, the computer readable program code comprising:

program code for using temperature data produced by at least one temperature detection modality to form a first thermogram and a second thermogram of a sole of each of the at least one foot, each thermogram forming a spatially continuous data set of two-dimensional temperature values across a sole of each of the at least one foot, the first thermogram having first features, the second thermogram having second features;

program code for controlling a device to apply at least one affine transformation to the first and second thermograms to align the first features of the first thermogram with corresponding second features of the second thermogram;

program code for determining, at any location within one or both of the first and second thermograms, if at least one of the thermograms presents one of a plurality of patterns indicative of foot inflammation; and

program code for producing output information indicating a result of the determination of whether the thermograms present one of the plurality of patterns.

30. The computer program product as defined by claim 29 wherein the first thermogram represents a sole a left foot of a given person and the second thermogram represents a sole of a right foot of the given person.

31. The computer program product as defined by claim 30 further comprising:

program code for obtaining temperature data across the sole of the left foot at a first time;

program code for obtaining temperature data across the sole of the right foot at a second time,

the first time and second time being different times.

32. The computer program product as defined by claim 29 wherein both the first thermogram and the second thermogram represent the sole of the same foot of a given patient, the temperature data used to form the first and second thermograms being obtained at different times.

33. The computer program product as defined by claim 29 wherein the at least one temperature detection modality includes a thermal camera.

34. The computer program product as defined by claim 29 further comprising program code for normalizing the amplitude of the two-dimensional temperature values of the first and second thermograms against a common value.

35. The computer program product as defined by claim 29 wherein the at least one affine transformation comprises at least one of reflection, rotation, scaling and translation.

36. The computer program product as defined by claim 29 further comprising applying at least one non-affine transformation to the first and second thermograms.

37. The computer program product as defined by claim 29 wherein the affine transformation aligns the first features and the second features to a common coordinate system.