Method and device for the directional transmission of electrical energy in an electricity grid

• US 9,337,655 B2
• Filed: 05/05/2010
• Issued: 05/10/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GIP AG
• Original Assignee: GIP AG
• Inventors: Reifenhuser, Bernd, Ebbes, Alexander
• Primary Examiner(s): Yang, James
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Laura
• Application Number:
  US13/320,329
• Publication Number:
  US 20120059532A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,197 Days
• Field of Search: 340/538, 340/538.15, 340/12.32, 340/12.37, 340/13.23, 700286-297, 370/351, 307 31- 42
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00004 characterised by the power network being locally controlled
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00006 characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/20 The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/12 The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/58 The condition being electrical
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/0075 for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source according to economic or energy efficiency considerations, e.g. economic dispatch
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/14 by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/70 Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/123 the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Abstract

A method for the directional transmission of electrical energy in an electricity grid and to a method for transmitting electrical energy via an electricity grid having at least at least one generator for electrical energy, at least one network node and at least one consumer. A method and a system are provided for transmitting electrical energy, which method and system are highly flexible and make it possible to design the energy distribution in a grid dynamically so as to deal with even short-term fluctuations both on the supply side and on the demand side. A method for the directional transmission of electrical energy in an electricity grid is included, which method comprises the following steps: receiving a data packet, receiving an energy packet associated with the data packet, determining a receiver from the information contained in the data packet, transmitting the data packet to the previously determined receiver and transmitting the energy packet, which is defined by the voltage U(t), the electric current I(t) and the duration T of the packet, associated with the data packet to the same previously determined receiver.

Claims

1. A method for transmitting electrical energy via an electricity grid from at least one generator for electrical energy through at least one network node to at least one consumer, wherein the electrical energy is transmitted in the form of energy packets from the generator via the network node to the consumer, using the steps:

determining a power profile for each energy packet to be transmitted, wherein the power profile determines which power is to be maximally transmitted for the energy packet at a moment in time t;

wherein a data packet is associated with each energy packet and is transmitted with the energy packet in such a way that when arriving at a network node the data packet arrives before the energy packet;

wherein the power profile is transmitted as information with the data packet,

wherein each energy packet at a network node is routed autonomously from the generator to the consumer;

wherein changes in the electricity grid are determined without any user control or a supervising instance;

wherein a synchronous absolute time is provided throughout the electricity grid;

wherein time is divided into an integer multiple of an elementary time interval, and wherein the starting time of each elementary time interval is synchronous anywhere in the electricity grid providing an absolute ordering relation;

wherein the power is constant over the elementary time interval;

wherein each energy packet comprises at least one elementary time interval;

wherein routing of the energy packet comprises calculation of a path from the generator to the consumer by using a routing algorithm; and

wherein the routing comprises the steps of;

receiving a first data packet;

receiving a first energy packet associated with the first data packet;

receiving a second data packet;

receiving a second energy packet associated with the second data packet;

determining a next element in the electricity grid to which the first energy packet is to be transmitted as a first receiver from the information contained in the first data packet;

determining a next element in the electricity grid to which the second energy packet is to be transmitted as a second receiver from the information contained in the second data packet;

if the first and second receivers are identical, they constitute a common receiver combining the received first and second energy packets to form an energy packet to be transmitted, wherein the first and second energy packets are transmitted simultaneously in the energy packet to be transmitted, and

wherein the combining process includes;

adding the power profile of the first energy packet and the power profile of the second energy packet to form a power profile TP(t) of the energy packet to be transmitted, wherein for each elementary time interval the power profile of the first energy packet and the power profile of the second energy packet are added to form the power profile of the energy packet to be transmitted in this elementary time interval, the first power packet spanning a first range of elementary time intervals, the second power packet spanning a second range of elementary time intervals, wherein the second range of elementary time intervals is different than the first range of elementary time intervals; and

selecting a line for the transmission of the energy packet to be transmitted with the aid of the information contained in the first and second data packets;

transmitting a data packet associated with the energy packet to be transmitted to the previously determined receiver, wherein the data packet associated with the energy packet to be transmitted contains a target address of a consumer for the first energy packet, a target address of a consumer for the second energy packet, and the power profiles of the first and second energy packets; and

connecting the selected line with the aid of a power valve as a controllable switch, wherein the power valve consists of power electronics, a controller for the power electronics and a power measurement device on an output side on the selected line to the receiver and an interface to a control plane;

wherein the power valve limits a maximum power transmitted at any point in time; and

transmitting the energy packet to be transmitted, which is defined by a voltage U(t), an electric current I(t), and a duration T of the energy packet associated with the data packet to the same previously determined receiver by controlling the power transmitted at a moment in time with the aid of the power valve on the basis of a power profile TP(t) of the energy packet to be transmitted;

wherein the power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to the value of the power profile TP(t) at any point in time.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data packet and the energy packet are transmitted via a single line.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data packet is transmitted via a data network and the energy packet is transmitted via an electricity grid, the data network and the electricity grid being physically separate from one another.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the electricity grid and the data network together form a logical network which comprises a transport plane and a signalling and control plane (SCP).

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data packet comprises a unique addressing of the generator for electrical energy.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the data packet comprises a unique target addressing for the energy packet.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:

the power profile during any elementary time interval is defined as an integral multiple of an elementary power, wherein the elementary power is constant over the elementary time interval, and wherein the power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to an integral multiple of the elementary power; and

the energy of the energy packet is the sum of all elementary power over the duration of the energy packet.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein a data packet is transmitted from the at least one consumer to the at least one network node to the at least one generator.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises a store management for an energy store associated with the at least one consumer, the store management defining at least one level mark of the energy store and then transmitting a request for energy or an offer for energy to the network when the level of the store exceeds or falls below the level mark.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises a power limit which defines the power which can be drawn by the at least one consumer from the network.

16. A non-transitory machine-readable data carrier comprising a computer program stored thereon according claim 1.

11. An electricity grid comprising at least one network node with means for contacting the network node to a generator and to at least one consumer;

wherein the electricity grid is designed such that changes in the electricity grid are determined without any user control or a supervising instance;

wherein the network node is designed and interconnected with the generator and the consumer in such a way that, during operation, electrical energy can be transmitted in the form of energy packets having a predetermined amount of energy from the generator, via the network node to the consumer;

wherein a power profile for each energy packet to be transmitted determines which power is to be maximally transmitted for the energy packet at a moment in time;

wherein the network node is designed and interconnected with the generator and the consumer in such a way that during operation, a data packet associated with each energy packet can be transmitted from the generator, via the network node, to the consumer;

wherein the data packet and the energy packet are transmitted in such a way that when arriving at a network node the data packet arrives before the energy packet;

wherein the power profile is transmitted as information in the data packet;

wherein a synchronous absolute time is provided throughout the electricity grid;

wherein time is divided into an integer multiple of an elementary time interval, and wherein the starting time of each elementary time interval is synchronous anywhere in the electricity grid providing an absolute ordering relation;

wherein the power is constant over the elementary time interval;

wherein each energy packet comprises at least one elementary time interval; and

wherein the network node for a directional transmission of the energy packet with use of the data packet comprises a device for autonomously routing and comprises;

a path finding device for calculating a path of the energy packet from the generator to the consumer using a routing algorithm;

a receiving device for receiving a first data packet and a second data packet;

a receiving device for receiving a first energy packet associated with the first data packet and a second energy packet associated with the second data packet;

a device for determining a next element in the electricity grid to which the first energy packet is to be transmitted as a first receiver from the information contained in the first data packet and for determining a next element in the electricity grid to which the second energy packet is to be transmitted as a second receiver from the information contained in the second data packet;

a device for selecting a line for the transmission of an energy packet to be transmitted with the aid of the information contained in the first data packet and in the second data packet;

a device for forming a data packet to be transmitted once the first receiver and the second receiver are identical, wherein the data packet to be transmitted contains a target address of a consumer for the first energy packet, a target address of a consumer for the second energy packet, and the power profiles of the first and second energy packets;

wherein a device for transmitting the data packet to be transmitted is connected to the device for determining the first receiver and the second receiver;

a device for forming an energy packet to be transmitted once the first receiver and the second receiver are identical, wherein the first and second energy packets are transmitted simultaneously in the energy packet to be transmitted, wherein the power profile TP(t) of the energy packet to be transmitted is formed by adding the power profile of the first energy packet and the power profile of the second energy packet, and wherein for each elementary time interval the power profile of the first energy packet and the power profile of the second energy packet are added to form the power profile of the energy packet to be transmitted in this elementary time interval, the first power packet spanning a first range of elementary time intervals, the second power packet spanning a second range of elementary time intervals, wherein the second range of elementary time intervals is different than the first range of elementary time intervals;

a device for transmitting the energy packet to be transmitted associated with the data packet to be transmitted, wherein the energy packet to be transmitted has a power profile TP(t) being defined by a voltage U(t), an electric current I(t), and an duration T;

wherein the device for transmitting the energy packet to be transmitted is connected to the device for determining the first receiver and the second receiver;

wherein the network node is configured to transmit the data packet to be transmitted and the energy packet to be transmitted to the same receiver during operation; and

wherein the device for transmitting the energy packet to be transmitted comprises at least one power valve as a controllable switch which is connected to the device for transmitting the data packet to be transmitted, wherein the power valve is controllable in order to limit the maximum power transmitted of the energy packet to be transmitted at any point in time;

wherein the power valve consists of power electronics, a controller for the power electronics, and a power measurement device of an output side of the selected line to the receiver and an interface to a control plane; and

wherein the power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to the value of the power profile TP(t) at any point in time.

12. The network node according to claim 11, wherein the network node is connected to a first physical network for transmission of the energy packet, and to a second physical network for transmission of the data packet.

13. The network node according to claim 11, wherein the network node comprises a transport plane and a signalling and control plane (SCP).

14. The electricity grid according to claim 11, wherein the at least one network node forms a virtual power plant, wherein this network node is connected to a plurality of generators and appears to the at least one consumer as a single generator.

15. The electricity grid according to claim 11, wherein the generator, the network node, or the consumer selectively or combinatorily comprise a store for electricity.

17. The electricity grid according to claim 11, wherein:

the power profile during any elementary time interval is defined as an integral multiple of an elementary power, wherein the elementary power is constant over the elementary time interval, and wherein the power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to an integral multiple of the elementary power; and

the energy of the energy packet is the sum of all elementary power over the duration of the energy packet.

18. A method for transmitting electrical energy via an electricity grid from at least one generator for electrical energy through at least one network node to at least one consumer, wherein the electrical energy is transmitted in the form of energy packets from the generator via the network node to the consumer, using the steps:

determining a power profile for each energy packet to be transmitted, wherein the power profile determines which power is to be maximally transmitted for the energy packet at a moment in time t,

wherein a data packet is associated with each energy packet and is transmitted with the energy packet in such a way that when arriving at a network node the data packet arrives before the energy packet,

wherein the power profile is transmitted as information with the data packet,

wherein each energy packet at a network node is routed autonomously from the generator to the consumer, wherein changes in the electricity grid are determined without any user control or a supervising instance;

wherein routing of the energy packet comprises calculation of a path from the generator to the consumer by using a routing algorithm;

wherein a synchronous absolute time is provided throughout the electricity grid;

wherein time is divided into an integer multiple of an elementary time interval, and wherein the starting time of each elementary time interval is synchronous anywhere in the electricity grid providing an absolute ordering relation;

wherein the power is constant over the elementary time interval;

wherein each energy packet comprises at least one elementary time interval; and

wherein the routing comprises the steps of;

receiving the data packet containing information regarding a target address of a first consumer, a target address of a second consumer, a first power profile of a first energy packet and a second power profile of a second energy packet, wherein the first energy packet and the second energy packet are to be transmitted simultaneously;

receiving the energy packet associated with the data packet;

determining a next element in the electricity grid to which the first energy packet is to be transmitted as a first receiver from the information contained in the data packet;

determining a next element in the electricity grid to which the second energy packet is to be transmitted as a second receiver from the information contained in the data packet;

if the first and second receivers are not identical, breaking down the energy packet received into a first energy packet and a second energy packet to be transmitted, wherein for each elementary time interval the sum of the power profile of the first energy packet and the power profile of the second energy packet equals the power profile of the energy packet received in this elementary time interval, the first power packet spanning a first range of elementary time intervals, the second power packet spanning a second range of elementary time intervals, wherein the second range of elementary time intervals is different than the first range of elementary time intervals, and wherein the process of breaking down the energy packet received includes;

selecting a first line for the transmission of the first energy packet to be transmitted with the aid of the information contained in the data packet received;

and

selecting a second line for the transmission of the second energy packet to be transmitted with the aid of the information contained in the data packet received;

transmitting a first data packet associated with the first energy packet to be transmitted to the previously determined first receiver, wherein the first data packet contains the target address of the first consumer and the power profile of the first energy packet;

transmitting a second data packet associated with the second energy packet to be transmitted to the previously determined second receiver, wherein the second data packet contains the target address of the second consumer and the power profile of the second energy packet;

connecting the selected first line with the aid of a first power valve as a controllable switch;

wherein the first power valve consists of power electronics, a controller for the power electronics and a power measurement device on an output side on the selected line to the first receiver and an interface to a control plane,

wherein the first power valve limits a maximum power transmitted at any point in time;

connecting the selected second line with the aid of a second power valve as a controllable switch;

wherein the second power valve consists of power electronics, a controller for the power electronics and a power measurement device on an output side on the selected line to the second receiver and an interface to a control plane;

wherein the second power valve limits a maximum power transmitted at any point in time;

transmitting the first energy packet to be transmitted, which is defined by a voltage U(t), an electric current I(t), and a duration T of the first energy packet associated with the first data packet to the previously determined first receiver by controlling the power transmitted at a moment in time with the aid of the first power valve on the basis of the power profile TP(t) of the first energy packet to be transmitted; and

transmitting the second energy packet to be transmitted, which is defined by a voltage U(t), an electric current I(t) and a duration T of the packet, associated with the second data packet to the previously determined second receiver by controlling the power transmitted at a moment in time, with the aid of the second power valve, on the basis of the power profile TP(t) of the second energy packet to be transmitted;

wherein transmission of the first energy packet and the second energy packets occurs simultaneously;

wherein the first power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to the value of the first power profile TP(t) at any point in time; and

wherein the second power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to the value of the second power profile TP(t) at any point in time.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein:

the power profile during any elementary time interval is defined as an integral multiple of an elementary power, wherein the elementary power is constant over the elementary time interval, and wherein the power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to an integral multiple of the elementary power; and

the energy of the energy packet is the sum of all elementary power over the duration of the energy packet.

20. An electricity grid comprising at least one network node with means for contacting the network node to a generator and to at least one consumer;

wherein the electricity grid is designed such that changes in the electricity grid are determined without any user control or a supervising instance;

wherein the network node is designed and interconnected with the generator and the consumer in such a way that, during operation, electrical energy can be transmitted in the form of at least one energy packet having a predetermined amount of energy from the generator, via the network node to the consumer;

wherein a power profile for each energy packet to be transmitted determines which power is to be maximally transmitted for the energy packet at a moment in time;

wherein the network node is designed and interconnected with the generator and the consumer in such a way that during operation, a data packet associated with each energy packet can be transmitted from the generator, via the network node, to the consumer;

wherein each data packet and each energy packet are transmitted in such a way that when arriving at a network node the data packet arrives before the energy packet;

wherein the power profile is transmitted as information in the data packet;

wherein a synchronous absolute time is provided throughout the electricity grid;

wherein time is divided into an integer multiple of an elementary time interval, and wherein the starting time of each elementary time interval is synchronous anywhere in the electricity grid providing an absolute ordering relation;

wherein the power is constant over the elementary time interval;

wherein each enemy packet comprises at least one elementary time interval; and

wherein the network node for a directional transmission of the energy packet with use of the data packet comprises a device for autonomously routing and comprises;

a path finding device for calculating a path of the energy packet from the generator to the consumer using a routing algorithm;

a receiving device for receiving the data packet containing information regarding a target address of a first consumer, a target address of a second consumer, a first power profile of a first energy packet and a second power profile of a second energy packet, wherein the first energy packet and the second energy packet are to be transmitted simultaneously;

a receiving device for receiving the energy packet associated with the data packet;

a device for determining a next element for the first energy packet to be transmitted as a first receiver and a next element for the second energy packet to be transmitted as a second receiver from the information contained in the data packet;

a device for selecting a first line for the transmission of the first energy packet and for selecting a second line for the transmission of the second energy packet with the aid of the information contained in the data packet;

wherein a device for transmitting the data packet is connected to the device for determining the receiver;

a first device for transmitting the first energy packet associated with a first data packet having a power profile TP(t) being defined by a voltage U(t), an electric current I(t), and a duration T;

a second device for transmitting the first energy packet associated with a first data packet having a power profile TP(t) being defined by a voltage U(t), an electric current I(t), and a duration, wherein the first device for transmitting the first energy packet and the second device for transmitting the second energy packet are connected to the device for determining the first and second receivers;

wherein for each elementary time interval the sum of the power profile of the first enemy packet and the power profile of the second enemy packet equals the power profile of the enemy packet received in this elementary time interval, the first power packet spanning a first range of elementary time intervals, the second power packet spanning a second range of elementary time intervals, wherein the second range of elementary time intervals is different than the first range of elementary time intervals, and

wherein the network node is configured to transmit the first data packet and the first energy packet to the same first receiver and to transmit the second data packet and the second energy packet to the same second receiver during operation;

wherein the first device for transmitting the first energy packet comprises at least one first power valve as a controllable switch which is connected to the device for transmitting the first and second data packets such that it is controllable in order to limit the maximum power transmitted of the first energy packet at any given point in time t according to the power profile TP(t) of the first energy packet to be transmitted;

wherein the second device for transmitting the second energy packet comprises at least one second power valve as a controllable switch which is connected to the device for transmitting the first and second data packets such that it is controllable in order to limit the maximum power transmitted of the second energy packet at any given point in time t according to the power profile TP(t) of the second energy packet to be transmitted;

wherein the first power valve consists of power electronics, a controller for the power electronics and a power measurement device on an output side on the selected first line to the first receiver and an interface to a control plane;

wherein the first power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to the value of the power profile TP(t) of the first energy packet at any point in time;

wherein the second power valve consists of power electronics, a controller for the power electronics and a power measurement device on an output side of the selected second line to the second receiver and an interface to a control plane; and

wherein the second power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to the value of the power profile TP(t) of the second energy packet at any point in time.

21. The electricity grid according to claim 20, wherein:

the power profile during any elementary time interval is defined as an integral multiple of an elementary power, wherein the elementary power is constant over the elementary time interval, and wherein the power valve is controlled such that the maximum power transmitted at any point in time is equal to an integral multiple of the elementary power; and

the energy of the energy packet is the sum of all elementary power over the duration of the energy packet.