Polarizable ion-conducting material

• US 9,343,240 B2
• Filed: 07/30/2012
• Issued: 05/17/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/28/2011
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: National University of Singapore
• Original Assignee: National University of Singapore
• Inventors: Xie, Xian Ning
• Primary Examiner(s): CHEUNG, WILLIAM K
• Application Number:
  US14/131,625
• Publication Number:
  US 20140147772A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,387 Days
• Field of Search: 429/492, 429/306, 252/182.1, 361/502
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2333/26 Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 2339/02 Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylamine
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/22 Films, membranes or diaphragms
• CPC Class Codes: C08J 5/2231 based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/04 Hybrid capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/56 Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0565 Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2300/0082 Organic polymers
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1018 Polymeric electrolyte materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1067 characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/13 Energy storage using capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

A polarizable ion-conducting material. The material contains mobile ions and a matrix formed of a polymer having ionic groups of a charge opposite to that of the mobile ions, wherein the material has a polarization of at least 0.2 mC/g, a capacitance of at least 0.1 mF/g, and a polarization retention time of at least 5 seconds. Also disclosed is a device containing such a polarizable ion-conducting material.

Claims

1. A polarizable ion-conducting material, the material comprising mobile ions and a matrix formed of a polymer having ionic groups of a charge opposite to that of the mobile ions, wherein the material is a membrane having a thickness of 10 μ

m to 1 cm and has a polarization of at least 0.2 mC/g, a capacitance of at least 0.1 mF/g, an open-circuit voltage of 1.3 to 5 V, and a polarization retention time of at least 5 seconds.

2. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 1, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

3. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 2, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

4. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 1, wherein the mobile ions are cations and the ionic groups are negatively charged.

5. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 4, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

6. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 5, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

7. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 4, wherein the mobile ions are H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Sn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, Au²⁺, or a combination thereof;

and the polymer is a polymer having sulfonic groups, a polymer having carboxylic groups, a polymer having phosphonic groups, a polymer having enolate groups, a polymer having thiolate groups, a polymer having phenoxide groups, or a combination thereof.

8. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 7, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

9. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 8, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

10. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 1, wherein the mobile ions are anions and the ionic groups are positively charged.

11. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 10, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

12. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 11, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

13. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 10, wherein the mobile ions are F⁻

, Cl⁻

, Br⁻

, I⁻

, OH⁻

, or a combination thereof; and

the polymer is poly(allylamine hydrochloride), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride), or a combination thereof.

14. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 13, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

15. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 14, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

16. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 9, wherein the mobile ions are H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, or a combination thereof;

and the polymer is a poly(4-styrenesulfonate).

17. A device for storing electric charge, the device comprising the polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 1, a first conducting layer, and a second conducting layer, the polarizable ion-conducting material being disposed between the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer, whereby, upon charging, the mobile ions migrate toward the first conducting layer thereby polarizing the polarizable ion-conducting material;

and, upon discharging, the mobile ions migrate toward the second conducting layer thereby depolarizing the polarizable ion-conducting material.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein the first conducting layer and the second conducting layer are, independently, made of a graphite sheet, a carbon-based conductive material, copper, iron, steel, aluminum, silver, gold, or platinum.

19. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a thickness of 50 μ

m to 5 mm.

20. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 19, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

21. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 20, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

22. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 19, wherein the mobile ions are cations and the ionic groups are negatively charged.

23. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 22, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

24. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 23, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

25. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 19, wherein the mobile ions are anions and the ionic groups are positively charged.

26. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 25, wherein the material has a polarization of 2 mC/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 1 mF/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 10 seconds, an energy density of 1 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 100 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.0001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

27. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 26, wherein the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.

28. The polarizable ion-conducting material of claim 22, wherein the mobile ions are H⁺, Li⁺, Na⁺, or a combination thereof;

the polymer is a poly(4-styrenesulfonate); and

the material has a polarization of 0.1 C/g to 25 C/g, a capacitance of 0.5 F/g to 80 F/g, a polarization retention time of at least 60 seconds, an energy density of 5 W·

h/kg to 30 W·

h/kg, a power density of 500 W/kg to 5000 W/kg, and an ion conductivity of 0.001 S/cm to 100 S/cm.