Magnetic field sensor configured to measure a magnetic field in a closed loop manner

• US 9,354,284 B2
• Filed: 05/07/2014
• Issued: 05/31/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Allegro Microsystems Incorporated (Sanken Electric Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: Allegro Microsystems Incorporated (Sanken Electric Company Limited)
• Inventors: Latham, Alexander
• Primary Examiner(s): LEDYNH, BOT L
• Application Number:
  US14/271,620
• Publication Number:
  US 20150323612A1
• Time in Patent Office: 755 Days
• Field of Search: 324/252
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 15/205 using magneto-resistance devices, e.g. field plates
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/0041 using feed-back or modulation techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/07 Hall effect devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/09 Magnetoresistive devices
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/093 using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors thin magnetic films H01F10/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/096 anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/098 comprising tunnel junctions, e.g. tunnel magnetoresistance sensors

Abstract

A magnetic field sensor for sensing an external magnetic field includes at least one magnetic field sensing element for measuring a magnetic field produced by a first magnetic field generating source and a current generator configured to receive one or more drive current signals at an input thereof and to generate a drive current signal having a periodic waveform and an amplitude offset at an output thereof. Also included is a second magnetic field generating source configured to receive the drive current signal at an input thereof and in response thereto, provide a magnetic field to the at least one magnetic field sensing element. Additionally included is a comparator configured to receive a reference voltage as a first input and an output signal from the at least one magnetic field sensing element as a second input, and in response thereto to generate a comparator output signal having a duty cycle. Further included is a compensation circuit configured to receive the comparator output signal having a duty cycle at an input thereof and to generate an offset signal for correcting the duty cycle to a predetermined duty cycle as an output. A corresponding method is also provided.

Claims

1. A magnetic field sensor for sensing an external magnetic field, the sensor comprising:

at least one magnetic field sensing element for measuring a magnetic field produced by a first magnetic field generating source;

a current generator configured to receive one or more drive current signals at an input thereof and to generate a drive current signal having a periodic waveform and an amplitude offset at an output thereof;

a second magnetic field generating source configured to receive the drive current signal at an input thereof and in response thereto, provide a magnetic field to the at least one magnetic field sensing element;

a comparator configured to receive a reference voltage as a first input and an output signal from the at least one magnetic field sensing element as a second input, and in response thereto to generate a comparator output signal having a duty cycle; and

a compensation circuit configured to receive the comparator output signal having a duty cycle at an input thereof and to generate an offset signal for correcting the duty cycle to a predetermined duty cycle as an output wherein a characteristic of the offset signal is that it is proportional to a magnitude of the external magnetic field experienced by the magnetic field sensing element when the duty cycle of the comparator output signal is substantially the same as the predetermined duty cycle.

2. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1 further comprising;

a temperature compensation circuit coupled to the first input of said comparator to adjust the reference voltage in response to temperature changes.

3. The magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein said temperature compensation circuit comprises a memory device coupled to an input of said comparator, said memory device configured to store a plurality of reference voltage values with each of the plurality of reference voltage values associated with at least one temperature range.

4. The magnetic field sensor of claim 3, wherein said temperature compensation circuit further comprises a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) coupled between said memory device and the first input of said comparator, wherein said DAC converts a digital representation of a reference voltage value retrieved from said memory device to an analog voltage.

5. The magnetic field sensor of claim 4, wherein said temperature compensation circuit further comprises a temperature sensor coupled to said memory device, wherein said temperature sensor senses a temperature and outputs a temperature sensing value to said memory device.

6. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field generating source comprises an H-bridge circuit coupled to a coil.

7. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the compensation circuit comprises a controller configured to generate an offset signal for correcting the duty cycle as an output.

8. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the offset signal is generated in response to the duty cycle of the comparator output signal.

9. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the at least one magnetic sensing element is a magnetoresistance element.

10. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the periodic waveform is substantially symmetric.

11. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the periodic waveform is triangular.

12. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the drive current signal has an amplitude selected to drive the magnetic field sensing element into saturation.

13. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the drive current signal is associated with the offset signal.

14. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the output of the magnetic field sensor is the offset signal, wherein the offset signal may comprise an analog voltage or a representative digital value.

15. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the output of the magnetic field sensor is the drive current signal.

16. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the compensation circuit is configured to generate the offset signal such that the duty cycle of the comparator output signal remains a fixed value, wherein the fixed value is the predetermined duty cycle.

17. The magnetic field sensor of claim 16, wherein the fixed value is 50 percent.

29. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the predetermined duty cycle is representative of a duty cycle of the one or more drive current signals received by the current generator.

31. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein the magnetoresistance element is an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) element.

32. The magnetic field sensor of claim 9, wherein the magnetoresistance element is one of:

a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) element;

a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) element;

a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element;

or a spin valve element.

33. The magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein the at least one magnetic sensing element is a Hall effect element.

18. A method of sensing an external magnetic field with a magnetic field sensor having hysteresis, the method comprising:

generating a drive current signal having a periodic waveform and an amplitude offset at an output thereof;

generating a magnetic field from said drive current signal and applying said magnetic field to a magnetic field sensing element;

comparing an output of the magnetic field sensing element to a reference signal to generate a comparison output signal having a duty cycle characteristic; and

generating an offset signal for correcting the duty cycle from the comparison output signal to a predetermined duty cycle wherein a characteristic of the offset signal is that it is proportional to the external magnetic field experienced by the magnetic field sensing element when the duty cycle of the comparison output signal is substantially the same as the predetermined duty cycle.

19. The method of claim 18, the method further comprising:

providing an output of the magnetic sensing element to a first input of a comparator;

providing a reference voltage to a second input of the comparator;

generating a comparison output signal from said first input and said second input of the comparator, wherein said comparison signal has a duty cycle; and

providing the comparison output signal to an input of a compensation circuit.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein providing a reference voltage to a second input of the comparator comprises:

converting a digital value to an analog voltage; and

providing the analog voltage to the second input of the comparator.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein providing a reference voltage to a second input of the comparator comprises:

storing a plurality of reference voltage values in a memory device with each of the reference voltage values being associated with at least one temperature range;

selecting a reference voltage;

converting the reference voltage value to an analog voltage; and

providing the analog voltage to the second input of the comparator.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein providing a reference voltage to a second input of the comparator comprises:

sensing a temperature;

generating a temperature sensing value as a digital value;

converting the digital value to an analog voltage; and

providing the analog voltage to the second input of the comparator.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein generating a magnetic field from said drive current signal and applying said magnetic field to a magnetic field sensing element comprises generating the magnetic field with an H-bridge circuit coupled to a coil which receives said drive current signal.

24. The method of claim 18, wherein generating an offset signal for correcting the duty cycle from the comparison output signal wherein a characteristic of the offset signal is that it is proportional to the external magnetic field experienced by the magnetic sensing element in steady-state comprises:

receiving said comparison output signal; and

generating an offset signal for correcting the duty cycle from said comparison output signal in a controller wherein a characteristic of the offset signal is proportional to the external magnetic field experienced by the magnetic sensing element when the duty cycle of the comparison output signal is substantially the same as the predetermined duty cycle.

25. The method of claim 18, wherein generating a drive current signal having a periodic waveform and an amplitude offset at an output thereof comprises:

generating a drive current signal having a substantially symmetric periodic waveform and an amplitude offset at an output thereof.

26. The method of claim 18, wherein generating a drive current signal having a periodic waveform and an amplitude offset at an output thereof comprises:

generating a drive current signal having a triangular periodic waveform and an amplitude offset at an output thereof.

27. The method of claim 18, wherein generating a drive current signal having a periodic waveform characteristic with an offset comprises:

generating a drive current signal having an amplitude selected to drive the magnetic field sensing element into saturation.

28. The method of claim 18, wherein the drive current signal is associated with the offset signal.

30. The method of claim 18, wherein the predetermined duty cycle is representative of a duty cycle of the one or more drive current signals received by the current generator.