Adaptive alarm system and method

• US 9,380,982 B2
• Filed: 07/28/2010
• Issued: 07/05/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 07/28/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Covidien LP (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Battista, John A. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Jackson, Gary
• Assistant Examiner(s): JIAN, SHIRLEY XUEYING
• Application Number:
  US12/845,196
• Publication Number:
  US 20120029301A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,169 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/746 Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms alarms per se G08B
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/63 for local operation
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/20 for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
• CPC Class Codes: G16Z 99/00 Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass

Abstract

An adaptive-alarm system and its uses in the context of medical devices, such as patient monitors, are described. In one embodiment, the monitor has a processor configured to receive and analyze an input relating to ambient sounds. The monitor may generate an alarm signal in response to physiological data that meets a defined requirement, such as a physiological alarm condition. The alarm signal that is generated by the monitor is substantially free of masking by the ambient sounds.

Claims

1. A patient monitor, comprising:

a processor configured to generate a default alarm signal in response to patient physiological data indicative of an alarm condition, and configured to modify the default alarm signal to generate a new alarm signal in response to an ambient sounds input and patient physiological data indicative of the alarm condition, wherein the new alarm signal comprises a different frequency such that the new alarm signal has a different tone and/or pitch compared to the default alarm signal; and

a user interface coupled to the processor and being operable to receive the new alarm signal generated by the processor and to provide a user-audible indication of the alarm condition, the user-audible indication being masked less by ambient sounds in an environment in which the patient monitor is located compared to the default alarm signal.

2. The patient monitor of claim 1, comprising a second user interface coupled to the processor being operable to allow a user to provide the ambient sounds input to the processor for generating the new alarm signal.

3. The patient monitor of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to perform an acoustic analysis of ambient sounds and to generate the new alarm signal in response to the analysis.

4. The patient monitor of claim 3, wherein the acoustic analysis comprises a comparison of frequencies of the ambient sounds to frequencies of the default alarm signal, and wherein the processor is configured to generate the new alarm signal having different frequencies than the frequencies of the ambient sounds if the frequencies of the default alarm signal and the ambient sounds overlap by a pre-determined amount.

5. The patient monitor of claim 3, wherein the acoustic analysis comprises a comparison of a volume of the ambient sounds to a volume of the default alarm signal, and the processor is configured to generate the new alarm signal having a volume greater than the volume of the ambient sounds if the volume of the ambient sounds is sufficient to mask the default alarm signal.

6. The patient monitor of claim 3, wherein the processor generates the new alarm signal from the default alarm signal on the fly in response to the analysis by adjusting one or more frequencies of the default alarm signal.

7. The patient monitor of claim 1, wherein the monitor is a pulse oximetry monitor.

8. The patient monitor of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to add an overtone to the default alarm signal in generating the new alarm signal.

9. A patient monitoring system, comprising:

a patient monitor having;

a processor configured to generate a default alarm signal in response to patient physiological data indicative of an alarm condition, and configured to modify the default alarm signal to generate a new alarm signal in response to an ambient sounds input and patient physiological data indicative of the alarm condition, wherein the new alarm signal comprises a different frequency such that the new alarm signal has a different tone and/or pitch compared to the default alarm signal; and

a user interface coupled to the processor and being operable to receive the new alarm signal generated by the processor and to provide a user-audible indication of the alarm condition, the user-audible indication being masked less by ambient sounds in an environment in which the patient monitor is located compared to the default alarm signal; and

a sensor capable of being coupled to the patient monitor and being operable to collect the patient physiological data directly from a patient tissue.

10. The patient monitoring system of claim 9, wherein the sensor comprises a transducer separate from the sensing elements, the transducer being operable to capture the ambient sounds and provide the ambient sounds input to the processor, and wherein the processor is configured to perform an acoustic analysis of the ambient sounds and generate the new alarm signal in response to the analysis.

11. The patient monitoring system of claim 10, wherein the acoustic analysis comprises a comparison of frequencies of the ambient sounds to frequencies of the default alarm signal, and the processor is configured to generate the new alarm signal having different frequencies than the frequencies of the ambient sounds by generating a tone using one or more new frequencies.

12. The patient monitoring system of claim 10, wherein the acoustic analysis comprises a comparison of a volume of the ambient sounds to a volume of the default alarm signal, and the processor is configured to generate the new alarm signal having a volume greater than the volume of the ambient sounds if the volume of the ambient sounds is sufficient to mask the default alarm signal.

13. The patient monitoring system of claim 10, wherein the sensor comprises memory circuitry that is configured to provide information about the sensor to the patient monitor, wherein the information stored on the sensor places the monitor into a detection mode where the monitor periodically or substantially continuously performs the acoustic analysis of ambient sounds captured by the transducer.

14. A method of patient monitoring comprising:

monitoring a patient physiological parameter using a pulse oximetry monitoring system, wherein the pulse oximetry monitoring system comprises a pulse oximetry sensor configured to be disposed on a patient'"'"'s tissue;

determining, with a processor of the pulse oximetry monitoring system, if an alarm condition exists based on measurements of the patient physiological parameter, wherein the alarm condition is associated with a default alarm signal;

capturing ambient sounds using the pulse oximetry monitoring system;

analyzing, with the processor, the captured ambient sounds to determine whether the ambient sounds will mask the default alarm signal of the alarm condition;

modifying, with the processor, the default alarm signal to generate a modified alarm signal as a new alarm signal having a different tone and/or pitch when the analysis determines that the ambient sounds will mask the default alarm signal; and

sounding the new alarm signal if the alarm condition exists, wherein the new alarm signal is selected to have a different frequency such that the new alarm signal has the different tone and/or pitch compared to the default alarm signal, wherein the pulse oximetry monitoring system is configured to sound the new alarm based on the analysis.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein analyzing the captured ambient sounds comprises:

generating a frequency spectrum of the captured ambient sounds;

comparing the frequency spectrum of the captured ambient sounds with a frequency spectrum of the default alarm signal;

identifying whether the frequencies of the captured ambient sounds overlap with frequencies of the default alarm signal; and

generating the new alarm signal having less than a predetermined amount of frequency overlap with the captured ambient sounds.

16. The method of claim 14, comprising generating the new alarm signal by selecting an alarm signal stored in a table.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein selecting an alarm signal stored in a table comprises:

comparing the frequency spectrum of the captured ambient sounds with frequency spectra of alarm signals stored in the table;

selecting an alarm signal having the least overlapping frequencies with the captured ambient sounds; and

adjusting a volume of the selected alarm signal if a volume of the captured ambient sounds is above a predetermined volume threshold.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein generating the new alarm signal comprises:

analyzing the frequency spectrum of the captured ambient sounds to identify available frequencies, the available frequencies comprising frequencies not emitted by the ambient sounds at a volume sufficient to mask the new alarm signal;

selecting a frequency from the available frequencies; and

synthesizing a tone based on the selected frequency.