Write pointer management for a disk drive

• US 9,383,923 B1
• Filed: 10/26/2012
• Issued: 07/05/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (JP Morgan Chase & Co)
• Original Assignee: Western Digital Technologies Incorporated (Western Digital Corporation)
• Inventors: Cheng, Glenn, Teo, Kuang Hwa, Malina, James N., Teh, Joo Peng, Huynh, Sang, Barlow, Carl E., Fallone, Robert M., Boyle, William B., Liang, Peng Lee, Reno, Daniel D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Cardwell, Eric S
• Application Number:
  US13/662,353
• Time in Patent Office: 1,348 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0608 Saving storage space on storage systems
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0619 in relation to data integrity, e.g. data losses, bit errors
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/064 Management of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0676 Magnetic disk device
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/10527 Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements G11B20/12 - G11B20/18 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1217 on discs

Abstract

Write pointer management for a disk drive including a disk having a plurality of sectors and a non-volatile memory (NVM) for storing data. Data is sequentially written sector by sector on the disk. The data written in a sector includes a write status indicator indicating that data has been written in the sector. A write pointer is stored on the disk or the NVM as a check-pointed write pointer. The write pointer corresponds to a current sector for writing data on the disk. During a write pointer recovery process, the check-pointed write pointer is retrieved, and at least one write status indicator is scanned in a range of sectors from the sector corresponding to the retrieved check-pointed write pointer and a last sector to identify the current sector for writing data. The write pointer is set to correspond to the identified current sector.

Claims

1. A disk drive comprising:

a disk including a plurality of sectors for storing data;

a non-volatile memory (NVM) for storing data;

a head configured to read data from the disk and write data to the disk; and

a controller configured to;

control the head to sequentially write data sector by sector on the disk, wherein the data written in each sector includes a write status indicator indicating that data has been written in the sector;

store a write pointer on the disk or the NVM as a check-pointed write pointer, wherein the write pointer corresponds to a current sector for writing data on the disk; and

during a write pointer recovery process when the check-pointed write pointer is retrievable;

retrieve the check-pointed write pointer from the disk or the NVM;

scan at least one write status indicator in a range of sectors from the sector corresponding to the retrieved check-pointed write pointer and a last sector to identify the current sector for writing data; and

set the write pointer to correspond to the identified current sector.

2. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein during the write pointer recovery process, the controller is further configured to sequentially scan write status indicators sector by sector in the range of sectors until the current sector is identified.

3. The disk drive of claim 2, wherein the current sector is identified when a value of the write status indicator in the current sector differs from a value of the write status indicator scanned immediately before the write status indicator in the current sector.

4. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein during the write pointer recovery process, the controller is further configured to perform a binary search of the write status indicators within the range of sectors until the current sector is identified.

5. The disk drive of claim 4, wherein the controller is further configured to:

reset the write pointer so that the write pointer corresponds to a first sector;

maintain a reset history table including an address for the current sector and a value for the write status indicator in the current sector before the write pointer was reset; and

during the write pointer recovery process, use the reset history table in performing the binary search of the write status indicators in sectors within the range of sectors to identify the current sector.

6. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to:

increment a value of the write status indicator in a sector when data is written to the sector; and

reset the write pointer so that the write pointer corresponds to a first sector; and

wherein during the write pointer recovery process, the current sector is identified when a value of the write status indicator in the current sector is less than a value of the write status indicator in a sector immediately preceding the current sector.

7. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the disk includes a plurality of zones of sectors with each zone having its own write pointer.

8. The disk drive of claim 7, wherein the controller is further configured to store a write pointer as a check-pointed write pointer for a first zone when the disk drive switches from writing data in the first zone to writing data in a second zone.

9. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to store the write pointer as the check-pointed write pointer each time a predetermined amount of data has been written, each time a predetermined amount of time has expired, when the disk drive encounters an error when writing data in a sector, when the disk drive receives a host flush command, when a host connected to the disk drive has been idle for a predetermined amount of time, and/or when a firmware of the disk drive has been modified.

10. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein after the disk drive encounters an error when writing data, the controller is further configured to:

calculate a logical block address for a next available sector by adjusting for sector data alignment for the disk and/or adjusting for a servo wedge on the disk;

set the write pointer as the calculated logical block address; and

control the disk drive to write the data to the current sector.

11. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein when the check-pointed write pointer is not retrievable, the controller is further configured to set the write pointer to a predetermined value such that the disk drive operates in a read-only mode.

12. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the controller is further configured to report to the host an address corresponding to the write pointer.

13. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the controller is further configured to set an address for the write pointer based on a command received from the host.

14. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the controller is further configured to disable use of the write pointer in response to a command from the host.

15. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the controller is further configured to:

receive from the host a read command including at least one address for reading data from an area of the disk corresponding to the at least one address;

determine from the write pointer whether the at least one address corresponds to an area of the disk before or after the current sector; and

notify the host of a read error if the at least one address corresponds to an area after the current sector.

16. The disk drive of claim 1, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the controller is further configured to:

receive from the host a write command including at least one address for writing data to an area of the disk corresponding to the at least one address;

determine from the write pointer whether the at least one address corresponds to an area of the disk before or after the current sector; and

notify the host of a write error if the at least one address corresponds to an area before the current sector.

17. A method of operating a disk drive including a disk having a plurality of sectors for storing data and a non-volatile memory (NVM) for storing data, the method comprising:

sequentially writing data sector by sector on the disk, wherein the data written in each sector includes a write status indicator indicating that data has been written in the sector;

storing a write pointer on the disk or the NVM as a check-pointed write pointer, wherein the write pointer corresponds to a current sector for writing data on the disk; and

during a write pointer recovery process when the check-pointed write pointer is retrievable;

retrieving the check-pointed write pointer from the disk or the NVM;

scanning at least one write status indicator in a range of sectors from the sector corresponding to the retrieved check-pointed write pointer and a last sector to identify the current sector for writing data; and

setting the write pointer to correspond to the identified current sector.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein during the write pointer recovery process, scanning at least one write status indicator includes sequentially scanning the write status indicators sector by sector within the range of sectors until the current sector is identified.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the current sector is identified when a value of the write status indicator in the current sector differs from a value of the write status indicator scanned immediately before the write status indicator in the current sector.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein during the write pointer recovery process, scanning at least one write status indicator includes performing a binary search of the write status indicators within the range of sectors until the current sector is identified.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

resetting the write pointer so that the write pointer corresponds to a first sector;

maintaining a reset history table including an address for the current sector and a value for the write status indicator in the current sector before the write pointer was reset; and

during the write pointer recovery process, using the reset history table in performing the binary search of the write status indicators within the range of sectors to identify the current sector.

22. The method of claim 17, further comprising:

incrementing a value of the write status indicator in a sector when data is written to the sector; and

resetting the write pointer so that the write pointer corresponds to a first sector; and

wherein during the write pointer recovery process, the current sector is identified when a value of the write status indicator in the current sector is less than a value of the write status indicator in a sector immediately preceding the current sector.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein the disk includes a plurality of zones of sectors with each zone having its own write pointer.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the method further comprises storing a write pointer as a check-pointed write pointer for a first zone when the disk drive switches from writing data in the first zone to writing data in a second zone.

25. The method of claim 17, wherein storing the write pointer as the check-pointed write pointer occurs each time a predetermined amount of data has been written, each time a predetermined amount of time has expired, when the disk drive encounters an error when writing data in a sector, when the disk drive receives a host flush command, when a host connected to the disk drive has been idle for a predetermined amount of time, and/or when a firmware of the disk drive has been modified.

26. The method of claim 17, wherein after the disk drive encounters an error when writing data, the method further comprises:

calculating a logical block address for a next available sector by adjusting for sector data alignment for the disk and/or adjusting for a servo wedge on the disk;

setting the calculated logical block address as the write pointer; and

writing the data to the current sector.

27. The method of claim 17, wherein the method further comprises, when the check-pointed write pointer is not retrievable, setting the write pointer to a predetermined value such that the disk drive operates in a read-only mode.

28. The method of claim 17, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and the method further comprises reporting to the host an address corresponding to the write pointer.

29. The method of claim 17, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the method further comprises setting a value for the write pointer based on a command received from the host.

30. The method of claim 17, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and the method further comprises disabling use of the write pointer in response to a command from the host.

31. The method of claim 17, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the method further comprises:

receiving from the host a read command including at least one address for reading data from an area of the disk corresponding to the at least one address;

determining from the write pointer whether the at least one address corresponds to an area of the disk before or after the current sector; and

notifying the host of a read error if the at least one address corresponds to an area after the current sector.

32. The method of claim 17, wherein the disk drive is connected to a host, and wherein the method further comprises:

receiving from the host a write command including at least one address for writing data to an area of the disk corresponding to the at least one address;

determining from the write pointer whether the at least one address corresponds to an area of the disk before or after the current sector; and

notifying the host of a write error if the at least one address corresponds to an area before the current sector.

33. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions for operating a disk drive including a disk having a plurality of sectors for storing data and a non-volatile memory (NVM) for storing data, wherein when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processer, the processor:

controls the disk drive to sequentially write data sector by sector on the disk, wherein the data written in each sector includes a write status indicator indicating that data has been written in the sector;

stores a write pointer on the disk or the NVM as a check-pointed write pointer, wherein the write pointer corresponds to a current sector for writing data on the disk; and

during a write pointer recovery process when the check-pointed write pointer is retrievable;

retrieve the check-pointed write pointer from the disk or the NVM;

scan at least one write status indicator in a range of sectors from the sector corresponding to the retrieved check-pointed write pointer and a last sector to identify the current sector for writing data; and

set the write pointer to correspond to the identified current sector.

34. A disk drive connected to a host, the disk drive comprising:

a disk including a plurality of sectors for storing data;

a head configured to read data from the disk and write data to the disk;

a memory storing a write pointer corresponding to a current sector for writing data on the disk;

a host interface for receiving data from the host to be written on the disk; and

a controller configured to;

control the head to sequentially write the received data sector by sector on the disk, wherein a first portion of the received data is written in the current sector and the data written in each sector includes a write status indicator indicating that data has been written in the sector; and

update the write pointer to correspond to a next available sector after writing the first portion of the received data in the current sector.

35. The disk drive of claim 34, wherein the write pointer is a logical block address and wherein the controller is further configured to update the write pointer by:

calculating a next available logical block address corresponding to the next available sector; and

setting the next available logical block address as the write pointer after writing the first portion of the received data in the current sector.

36. The disk drive of claim 35, wherein the controller calculates the next available logical block address by adjusting for sector data alignment for the disk and/or adjusting for a servo wedge on the disk.

37. The disk drive of claim 34, wherein the host interface receives a read command from the host to read data from the disk, and wherein the controller generates an error message if the read command requests data to be read from a sector beyond the current sector.