Printed force sensor within a touch screen

• US 9,430,078 B2
• Filed: 08/12/2009
• Issued: 08/30/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 08/12/2009
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Google Technology Holdings LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Inventors: Cranfill, David, Parikh, Zubin
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Sanjiv D
• Application Number:
  US12/539,769
• Publication Number:
  US 20110037721A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,575 Days
• Field of Search: 345173-178, 178 1801- 2004, 438 50- 53
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0445 using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0446 using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes

Abstract

A quantum tunneling composite, or other material exhibiting changing electrical or magnetic properties as force on the material is increased, can be located within a force concentrator integrated into traditional touch screen layers to sense force applied on the touch screen. The force concentrator can be a protrusion from the layer planes of the layers in a traditional touch screen and can be formed, at least in part, from printed elements. The amount of protrusion of the force concentrator can be adjusted through multi-pass printing and thicker deposit printing. The force concentrator can also have optically clear adhesive layered over it. The force-sensitive material can be optionally pre-loaded so as to operate within a substantially linear feedback range. A sensing mechanism can be configured to detect changes in force at multiple locations or to detect the application of force irrespective of location.

Claims

1. A force sensor integrated into a multi-layer touch screen, the force sensor comprising:

a variably conductive material whose conductivity changes in accordance with an amount of compressive force applied to the variably conductive material;

a first electrode positioned on a first side of the variable conductive material and between the variably conductive material and a first layer of the multi-layer touch screen, the first electrode being conductively connected to another first electrode of another force sensor; and

a second electrode positioned on a second side of the variably conductive material opposite the first side of the variably conductive material and between the variably conductive material and a second layer of the multi-layer touch screen that is substantially parallel to the first layer, the second electrode being conductively connected to another second electrode of the other force sensor;

wherein the variably conductive material, the first electrode, and the second electrode form a protrusion from a layer plane of the second layer, the protrusion extending towards the first layer, and

wherein a space between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen is smaller than a rest state thickness of the variably conductive material in combination with a thickness of the first and second electrodes.

2. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein:

an optically clear adhesive between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen is also layered over the first electrode, the variably conductive material and the second electrode; and

the protrusion from the layer plane of the second layer extending towards the first layer is further formed from the optically clear adhesive layered over the first electrode, the variably conductive material, and the second electrode.

3. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein the variably conductive material includes a quantum tunneling composite.

4. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein the multi-layer touch screen is a mutual-capacitance based touch screen with the first layer comprising a first set of electrodes and the second layer comprising a second set of electrodes intersecting the first set of electrodes such that each intersection forms a capacitive element of the mutual-capacitance based touch screen.

5. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein the force sensor is integrated into the multi-layer touch screen at the periphery of the multi-layer touch screen.

6. The force sensor of claim 1, wherein the protrusion concentrates, onto the variably conductive material, a force applied to at least one of the first layer and the second layer, thereby effecting the variably conductive material'"'"'s conductive coupling of the first electrode to the second electrode.

7. An electronic device capable of distinguishing between touch input and press input, the electronic device comprising:

touch detection circuitry for identifying the touch input;

press detection circuitry for identifying the press input; and

a multi-layer touch screen for receiving the touch input, the multi-layer touch screen comprising a first layer, a second layer that is substantially parallel to the first layer, and at least one integrated force sensor for receiving the press input, the at least one integrated force sensor being located between the first layer and the second layer and forming a protrusion from a layer plane of the second layer extending towards the first layer, the at least one integrated force sensor comprising;

a variably conductive material whose conductivity changes in accordance with an amount of compressive force applied to the variably conductive material;

a first electrode positioned on a first side of the variably conductive material and between the variably conductive material and the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen; and

a second electrode positioned on a second side of the variably conductive material opposite the first side of the variably conductive material and between the variably conductive material and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen, wherein the variably conductive material is preloaded so that a space between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen is smaller than a rest state thickness of the variably conductive material in combination with a thickness of the first and second electrodes and the variably conductive material operates in a linear feedback range.

8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein:

the press input provides a force onto at least one of the first layer and the second layer, the provided force being concentrated, by the protrusion of the at least one integrated force sensor, onto the variably conductive material and thereby effecting the variably conductive material'"'"'s conductive coupling of the first electrode to the second electrode; and

the effect to the conductive coupling is detectable by the press detection circuitry.

9. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the multi-layer touch screen further comprises an optically clear adhesive layered over the second layer and the at least one integrated force sensor such that the optically clear adhesive is between the first layer and the second layer and between the first layer and the at least one integrated force sensor.

10. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the multi-layer touch screen further comprises at least two integrated force sensors, wherein a first electrode of a first of the at least two integrated force sensors is conductively connected to a first electrode of a second of the at least two integrated force sensors and a second electrode of the first of the at least two integrated force sensors is conductively connected to a second electrode of the second of the at least two integrated force sensors, and wherein further the press detection circuitry identifies the press input by detecting a change in a combined conductivity of the at least two integrated force sensors.

11. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein the multi-layer touch screen further comprises at least two integrated force sensors, wherein a first electrode of a first of the at least two integrated force sensors is conductively connected to the press detection circuitry separately from a first electrode of a second of the at least two integrated force sensors that is also conductively connected to the press detection circuitry, and wherein further the press detection circuitry identifies the press input by detecting a change in an individual conductivity of at least one of the at least two integrated force sensors.

12. The electronic device of claim 11, wherein the press detection circuitry comprises a time sampling microcontroller to detect the change in the individual conductivity of at least one of the at least two integrated force sensors.

13. A force sensor integrated into a multi-layer touch screen, the force sensor comprising:

a variably conductive material whose conductivity changes in accordance with an amount of compressive force applied to the variably conductive material;

a first electrode positioned on a first side of at least a portion of the variably conductive material and vertically between the at least a portion of the variably conductive material and a first layer of the multi-layer touch screen;

a second electrode positioned on a second side of the at least a portion of the variably conductive material opposite the first side of the variably conductive material and vertically between the at least a portion of the variably conductive material and a second layer of the multi-layer touch screen that is substantially parallel to the first layer; and

an adhesive extending between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer, a first portion of the adhesive extending along a plane which extends through the second electrode and a second portion of the adhesive extending between the first layer and the first electrode,

wherein the variably conductive material, the first electrode, and the second electrode form a protrusion from a layer plane of the second layer, the protrusion extending into the adhesive towards the first layer, and

wherein at least a portion of the variably conductive material is positioned horizontally between a portion of the first electrode and a portion of the second electrode, each of the portions being positioned in a plane parallel to the layer plane of the second layer.

14. The force sensor of claim 13, wherein:

an optically clear adhesive between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen is also layered over the first electrode, the variably conductive material and the second electrode; and

the protrusion from the layer plane of the second layer extending towards the first layer is further formed from the optically clear adhesive layered over the first electrode, the variably conductive material, and the second electrode.

15. The force sensor of claim 13, wherein a space between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen is smaller than a rest state thickness of the variably conductive material in combination with a thickness of the first and second electrodes.

16. The force sensor of claim 13, wherein the multi-layer touch screen is a mutual-capacitance-based touch screen with the first layer comprising a first set of electrodes and the second layer comprising a second set of electrodes intersecting the first set of electrodes such that each intersection forms a capacitive element of the mutual-capacitance based touch screen.

17. The force sensor of claim 13, wherein the force sensor is integrated into the multi-layer touch screen at the periphery of the multi-layer touch screen.

18. The force sensor of claim 13, wherein the protrusion concentrates, onto the variably conductive material, a force applied to at least one of the first layer and the second layer, thereby effecting the variably conductive material'"'"'s conductive coupling of the first electrode to the second electrode.

19. An electronic device capable of distinguishing between touch input and press input, the electronic device comprising:

touch detection circuitry for identifying the touch input;

press detection circuitry for identifying the press input; and

a multi-layer touch screen for receiving the touch input, the multi-layer touch screen comprising a first layer, a second layer that is substantially parallel to the first layer, an adhesive extending between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer, a first portion of the adhesive extending between the first layer and a first electrode and a second portion of the adhesive extending along a plane which extends through a second electrode, and at least one integrated force sensor for receiving the press input, the at least one integrated force sensor being located between the adhesive and the second layer and forming a protrusion from a layer plane of the second layer extending into the adhesive towards the first layer, the at least one integrated force sensor comprising;

a variably conductive material whose conductivity changes in accordance with an amount of compressive force applied to the variably conductive material, the variably conductive material being preloaded so that a space between the first layer and the second layer is smaller than a rest state thickness of the variably conductive material in combination with a thickness of the first and second electrodes and the adhesive and the variably conductive material operates in a linear feedback range;

the first electrode positioned on a first side of the at least a portion of the variably conductive material and vertically between the at least a portion of the variably conductive material and the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen, the first electrode being conductively connected to another first electrode of another force sensor; and

the second electrode positioned on a second side of the at least a portion of the variably conductive material opposite the first side of the variably conductive material and vertically between the at least a portion of the variably conductive material and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen, the second electrode being conductively connected to another second electrode of the other force sensor,

wherein at least a portion of the variably conductive material is positioned horizontally between a portion of the first electrode and a portion of the second electrode, each of the portions being positioned in a plane parallel to the layer plane of the second layer.

20. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein:

the press input provides a force onto at least one of the first layer and the second layer, the provided force being concentrated, by the protrusion of the at least one integrated force sensor, onto the variably conductive material and thereby effecting the variably conductive material'"'"'s conductive coupling of the first electrode to the second electrode; and

the effect to the conductive coupling is detectable by the press detection circuitry.

21. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein the multi-layer touch screen further comprises an optically clear adhesive layered over the second layer and the at least one integrated force sensor such that the optically clear adhesive is between the first layer and the second layer and between the first layer and the at least one integrated force sensor.

22. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein:

the multi-layer touch screen further comprises at least two integrated force sensors,

a first electrode of a first of the at least two integrated force sensors is conductively connected to a first electrode of a second of the at least two integrated force sensors and a second electrode of the first of the at least two integrated force sensors is conductively connected to a second electrode of the second of the at least two integrated force sensors, and

the press detection circuitry identifies the press input by detecting a change in a combined conductivity of the at least two integrated force sensors.

23. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein:

the multi-layer touch screen further comprises at least two integrated force sensors,

a first electrode of a first of the at least two integrated force sensors is conductively connected to the press detection circuitry separately from a first electrode of a second of the at least two integrated force sensors that is also conductively connected to the press detection circuitry, and

the press detection circuitry identifies the press input by detecting a change in an individual conductivity of at least one of the at least two integrated force sensors.

24. The electronic device of claim 23, wherein the press detection circuitry comprises a time sampling microcontroller to detect the change in the individual conductivity of at least one of the at least two integrated force sensors.

25. The electronic device of claim 19, wherein a space between the first layer of the multi-layer touch screen and the second layer of the multi-layer touch screen is smaller than a rest state thickness of the variably conductive material in combination with a thickness of the first and second electrodes.