Method, system and apparatus for remote neural modulation brain stimulation and feedback control

• US 9,433,789 B2
• Filed: 03/14/2014
• Issued: 09/06/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Curonix Company Limited
• Original Assignee: Micron Devices LLC
• Inventors: Perryman, Laura Tyler, Andresen, Chad
• Primary Examiner(s): Dietrich, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US14/214,432
• Publication Number:
  US 20140277257A1
• Time in Patent Office: 907 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0006 ECG or EEG signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/002 Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building A61B5/0017 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/291 for electroencephalography [EEG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/293 Invasive
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4836 Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods A61B5/0036 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0531 Brain cortex electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0534 Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/086 Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] compatible leads
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36017 with leads or electrodes penetrating the skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36064 Epilepsy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36125 Details of circuitry or electric components
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36139 with automatic adjustment
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37223 Circuits for electromagnetic coupling

Abstract

A method, system and apparatus is presented for a wireless neural modulation feedback control system as it relates to an implantable medical device comprised of a radio frequency (RF) receiver circuit, one or more dipole or patch antenna(s), one or more electrode leads connected to at least one dipole or patch antenna(s), and at least one microelectronic neural modulation circuit, and an external or internally implanted RF device to neurally modulate brain tissue in order to treat medical conditions that can be mediated by neuronal activation or inhibition, such as Parkinson'"'"'s, Alzheimer'"'"'s, epilepsy, other motor or mood based disorders, and/or pain. The implantable receiver captures energy radiated by the RF transmitter unit and converts this energy to an electrical waveform by the implanted neural modulation circuit to deliver energy that can be utilized by the attached electrode pads in order to activate targeted neurons in the brain.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless neural modulation brain stimulation, the apparatus comprising:

one or more implantable electrode leads configured to be implanted inside a subject'"'"'s brain to stimulate neurons, each of the one or more electrode leads comprising;

a lead body that includes a lumen;

at least one electrode located on the lead body and configured to stimulate the neurons;

at least one separate electrode located on the lead body and configured to collect data recording neuronal activity inside the subject'"'"'s brain;

at least one microwire partially located in the lumen of the lead body and configured to collect data recording single axon neuronal activity inside the patient'"'"'s brain;

a first receiver configured to receive energy radiated from a first transmitter that is external to the one or more implantable electrode leads;

a second transmitter located within the lead body; and

circuitry configured to use the received energy to;

deliver electrical stimulus signals to the neurons through the at least one electrode configured to stimulate the neurons; and

transmit, through the second transmitter, a telemetry signal including(i) the collected data recording neuronal activity inside the subject'"'"'s brain; and

(ii)

the collected data recording single axon neuronal activity inside the patient'"'"'s brain.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a command receiver configured to receive parameter-setting commands; and

a controller coupled with the first transmitter and the command receiver, the controller configured to adjust the energy radiated from the first antenna based at least in part on the received parameter setting commands.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the command receiver is configured to receive the parameter-setting commands that relate to at least one of amplitude, pulse width, or frequency for the electrical stimulus signals.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the telemetry signal indicates a strength of the stimulus signals being delivered to the neurons.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a second receiver configured to wirelessly receive the telemetry signal; and

a controller coupled with the first transmitter and the second receiver, the controller configured to;

compare information of the telemetry signal to a look-up table to estimate a current or shape of the electrical stimulus signals; and

adjust the energy radiated by the first transmitter based at least in part on the estimated current or shape.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, in which the controller is further configured to perform at least one of:

amplify, filter, or modulate the received telemetry signal.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, in which the controller is further configured to digitize a modulated telemetry signal with an A-to-D converter.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

one or more dipole or patch antennas connected to the one or more implantable electrode leads.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, in which the first receiver is configured to receive the radiated energy by receiving one or more radio frequency (RF) signals.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein when the implantable electrode leads are implanted inside the subject'"'"'s brain, the implantable leads are MRI compatible inside a magnet that is suitable for imaging the subject'"'"'s brain.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical stimulus signals are selectively produced and carried to targeted neurons based on the telemetry signal.

12. An implantable lead for wireless neural modulation brain stimulation, the lead comprising:

at least one electrode configured to apply electrical stimulus signals to stimulate neurons of a subject'"'"'s brain; and

at least one separate electrode configured to collect data recording neuronal activity inside the subject'"'"'s brain;

at least one microwire configured to collect data recording single axon neuronal activity, wherein, when the implantable lead is implanted inside the subject'"'"'s brain, the implantable lead is MRI compatible inside a magnet that is suitable for imaging the subject'"'"'s brain and the implantable lead is wirelessly powered using electrical energy radiated from a separate transmitter.

13. The implantable lead of claim 12, wherein the electrical stimulus signals are selectively produced and carried to targeted neurons based on the collected data recording neuronal activity inside the patient'"'"'s brain as well as the collected data recording single axon neuronal activity inside the patient'"'"'s brain.

14. A method of managing a brain impairment condition of a patient, the method comprising:

receiving, using a wireless receiver, energy radiated from a first transmitter that is separate from the wireless receiver;

delivering, using the received energy, electrical stimulus signals to neurons of a patient diagnosed with a brain disorder through at least one electrode of an electrode lead implanted in the patient;

collecting, through one or more electrodes of the implanted electrode lead, data recording neuronal activity inside the patient'"'"'s brain, the one or more electrodes being separate from the at least one electrode through which electrical stimulus signals are delivered;

collecting, through at least one microwire of the implanted electrode lead, data recording single axon neuronal activity inside the patient'"'"'s brain; and

transmitting, through a second transmitter within the implanted electrode lead, a telemetry signal including (i) the collected data recording neuronal activity inside the subject'"'"'s brain; and

(ii) the collected data recording single axon neuronal activity inside the patient'"'"'s brain.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

receiving, by a command receiver, parameter-setting commands; and

adjusting, by a controller coupled with the first transmitter and the command receiver, the energy radiated from the first transmitter, based at least in part on the received parameter-setting commands.

16. The method of claim 15, in which the parameter-setting commands relate to at least one of amplitude, pulse width, or frequency for the electrical stimulus signals.

17. The method of claim 14, in which the telemetry signal indicates a strength of the stimulus signals being delivered to the neurons of the patient.

18. The method of claim 14, further comprising:

receiving, wirelessly, by a second receiver, the telemetry signal; and

comparing, using a controller coupled with the first transmitter and the second receiver, information of the telemetry signal to a look-up table to estimate a current or a shape of the electrical stimulus signals; and

adjusting, by the controller, the energy radiated by the first transmitter, based at least in part on the estimated current or shape.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:

amplifying, filtering, or modulating, by the controller, the received telemetry signal.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:

digitizing, by the controller, a modulated telemetry signal with an A-to-D converter.

21. The method of claim 14, wherein receiving the radiated energy comprises receiving one or more radio frequency (RF) signals.

22. The method of claim 14, wherein the electrical stimulus signals are selectively produced and carried to targeted neurons based on the telemetry signal.