Acoustic-electric channel construction and operation using adaptive transducer arrays

• US 9,503,201 B2
• Filed: 10/09/2013
• Issued: 11/22/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 10/26/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• Original Assignee: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• Inventors: Saulnier, Gary J., Wilt, Kyle R., Scarton, Henry A.
• Primary Examiner(s): PIHULIC, DANIEL T
• Application Number:
  US14/429,315
• Publication Number:
  US 20150244473A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,140 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 11/00 Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 17/00 Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers piezoelectric or electrostrictive elements in general H10N30/00; details of piezoelectric or electrostrictive motors, generators or positioners H10N30/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 2201/401 2D or 3D arrays of transducers
• CPC Class Codes: H04R 31/00 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor manufacture of microstructural arrangements of deformable or non-deformable structures in general B81C1/00182
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49005 Acoustic transducer

Abstract

A method for transmitting power, data, and instructions using acoustic-electric channels having one or more transducer arrays, and to compensate for imperfect alignment of transducer arrays. Transducer arrays each include multiple transducer elements coupled to a channel barrier. Each element can be independently controlled, and misaligned transducers are selectively deactivated to improve overall channel performance. Arrays are optimized by testing different combinations of elements, and the combinations which are the most effective or efficient are used for transmissions. The system and the optimization features can be used to communicate between surfaces which have relative movement, such as between water craft hulls. Optimization can be periodic or constant to compensate for movement within the channel. The arrays can be used with curved substrates. Methods of designing adaptable arrays are also provided.

Claims

1. A method of acoustical transmission of at least one of power, instructions, and data through an acoustic-electric channel using piezoelectric transducer arrays, the method comprising:

providing a channel medium for passing acoustical transmissions, the channel medium comprising a first surface and a second surface, the channel medium being capable of transmitting acoustical energy there through;

providing a send arrangement coupled to the first surface and a receive arrangement coupled to the second surface, and wherein the send and receive arrangements are positioned at least partially on opposite sides of the same region of the channel medium;

wherein the send arrangement comprises a send array which is coupled to the first surface;

wherein the send array comprises a plurality of send elements, and wherein each send element comprises a transducer and can be controlled independently of other send elements in the same array;

wherein the receive arrangement comprises at least one receive transducer which may optionally be an element within a receive array;

optimizing at least the send array, wherein the optimization process comprises;

sending a plurality of transmissions using different combinations of send elements while maintaining the same transmission power,

detecting the plurality of transmissions sent by the different combinations of send elements using the at least one receive transducer of the receive arrangement,

determining which of the tested combinations of send elements resulted in the strongest received transmission being received at the receive arrangement,

activating the send elements in the combination which resulted in the strongest received transmission, and deactivating the remaining elements of the send array;

after the array has been optimized, sending transmissions from the send arrangement using the activated elements of the send array, and receiving said transmissions using the at least on receive transducer.

2. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein the optimization step further comprises:

sending a first transmission using a first subset of the send elements in the send array, and detecting the first transmission, or the absence of the first transmission, at the receive arrangement;

activating at least one additional send element which was not active in the first subset, thereby forming a second subset of send elements;

sending a second transmission using the second subset of send elements but the same total transmission power as used for the first transmission, and detecting the second transmission, or the absence of the second transmission, at the receive arrangement;

comparing the transmissions detected at the receive arrangement;

if the second transmission resulted in a stronger signal being received at the receive arrangement than the first transmission, leaving said additional send element active; and

if the second transmission resulted in a weaker signal being received at the receive arrangement than the first transmission, deactivating said at least one additional send element.

3. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein the optimization step further comprises:

sending a first transmission using a first set of the send elements in the send array, and detecting the first transmission, or the absence of the first transmission, at the receive arrangement;

deactivating at least one test send element which was active in the first set, thereby forming a second subset of send elements;

sending a second transmission using the second subset of send elements but the same total transmission power as used for the first transmission, and detecting the second transmission, or the absence of the second transmission, at the receive arrangement;

comparing the transmissions detected at the receive arrangement;

if the second transmission resulted in a stronger signal being received at the receive arrangement than the first transmission, leaving said at least one test send element deactivated; and

if the second transmission resulted in a weaker signal being received at the receive arrangement than the first transmission, reactivating said at least one test send element.

4. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1:

wherein the first surface and the second surface of the channel medium are capable of movement relative to each other; and

wherein the optimizing step is repeated at least periodically.

5. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1:

wherein the first surface and the second surface of the channel medium are not rigidly connected and therefore move with relation to each other;

wherein the optimizing step is run substantially continuously when the system is in use.

6. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1:

wherein the receive arrangement comprises a receive array coupled to the second surface, the receive array comprising a plurality of receive elements, and the receive elements each comprising a transducer;

wherein the send array and the receive array are at least partially opposite each other across the channel medium; and

wherein the transmissions sent from the send array are received by the receive array.

7. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1:

wherein the optimizing step comprises measuring and comparing transmission energy from the plurality of transmissions that is reflected back to the first surface from the second wall, the second surface, and/or the receive arrangement.

8. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1:

wherein the optimizing step comprises using an algorithm in which send elements are turned on and off to actively search for a set of send elements which results in the strongest transmission signal being received at the receive arrangement.

9. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein the send array comprises a plurality of send elements arranged in a grid pattern on the first surface, the grid pattern having a plurality of elements on each side of the grid.

10. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for acoustical transmission of power through the channel medium;

wherein the optimizing step comprises deactivating send elements at the first surface which are not well aligned with the receive arrangement at the second surface in order to avoid transmitting power which will not be received by the receive arrangement;

the method also comprising, after the optimizing step, sending transmissions through the channel medium using an optimal subset of the send elements determined by the optimizing process;

receiving the transmissions at the receive arrangement;

turning the acoustical energy of the transmissions into electrical energy using the at least one receive transducer; and

using the power generated by the at least one receive transducer to power electronics and/or to charge a battery.

11. The method of acoustical transmission of power according to claim 10, wherein each element of the transmit array has its own electrical matching network, and also its own in-line switch which is adapted to activate or deactivate each respective send element;

wherein said in-line switches are used to activate and deactivate respective transmit elements of the transmit array.

12. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for acoustical transmission of at least one of data and instructions through the channel medium;

wherein the receive arrangement comprises a receive array, the receive array comprising a plurality of receive elements, and the receive elements each comprising a transducer;

wherein the method further comprises the additional step of optimizing the receive array by identifying and activating at least a subset of receive elements at the second surface which are sufficiently aligned with send elements on the opposite first surface of the channel medium for effective communication;

sending transmissions from the activated send elements and receiving those transmissions with the activated receive elements; and

translating the transmissions received by the activated receive elements into at least one of data and instructions.

13. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 12, wherein MIMO processing is applied to data prior to transmission by the send arrangement;

and

wherein a MIMO precoding module controls individual send elements to create and control the transmissions of data and/or signals by the send elements.

14. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 13,

wherein a digital to analog converter converts a digital signal to an analog signal before transmission through the channel medium;

wherein an analog to digital converter converts the transmitted signal to a digital signal after transmission through the channel medium; and

wherein a MIMO decoding module decodes the signal after transmission through the channel medium.

15. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein the method is used for transmissions between the interiors of two at least partially submerged bodies;

wherein the channel medium comprises a first wall comprising the first surface, a second wall comprising the second surface, and liquid between the first wall and the second wall, and wherein some motion between the first wall and the second wall is possible;

the method further comprising periodically or continually repeating the optimizing step to compensate for any movement between the walls, the respective surfaces, and the send and receive arrays.

16. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the submerged bodies is a water craft, wherein at least one of the first wall and the second wall is a water craft hull, wherein the channel medium comprises water and at least one water craft hull.

17. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1,

wherein the receive arrangement comprises a receive array engaged to the second surface, the receive array comprising a plurality of receive elements comprising transducers;

wherein the send array and the receive array are both comprised of substantially square or substantially rectangular elements arranged in a grid pattern, the grid patterns having a plurality of elements on each side;

wherein send elements which have transmission sending faces pointed directly at one or more receive elements are activated and used to send transmissions;

wherein send elements which do not have transmission sending faces pointed at or near a receive element are deactivated and not used to send transmissions.

18. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the send elements in the send array are physically spaced apart from each other, wherein the spaced apart elements are used to send transmissions to the receive arrangement.

19. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 18 wherein the receive arrangement comprises a receive array engaged to the second surface, the receive array comprising a plurality of receive elements each comprising a transducer;

wherein the transmissions generated by a plurality of the spaced apart send elements each excite a plurality of receive elements due to acoustic spreading.

20. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1, wherein the receive arrangement comprises a receive array engaged to the second surface, the receive array comprising a plurality of receive elements each comprising a transducer;

the method also including the step of optimizing the receive array, wherein optimizing the receive array comprises sending transmissions from the send array, measuring an amount of transmitted energy captured at each of a plurality of receive elements in the receive array, and selecting a subset of receive elements that are receiving higher levels of transmitted energy to be activated, and deactivating other receive elements which are receiving lower levels of transmitted energy;

the method further comprising, after optimizing the receive array, sending transmissions from the send array, and receiving said transmissions with only the activated receive elements.

21. The method of acoustical transmission according to claim 1,

wherein the receive arrangement comprises a receive array engaged to the second surface, the receive array comprising a plurality of receive elements each comprising a transducer;

wherein the channel medium is at least partially curved, and wherein the first surface and the second surface comprise curved surfaces;

wherein the send array and a portion of the first surface it is fixed to are both at least partially curved, and

wherein the receive array and a portion of the second surface it is fixed to are both at least partially curved.

22. A method of optimizing and using an acoustic-electric channel including piezoelectric transducer arrays, the method comprising:

providing a channel medium for passing acoustical transmissions, the channel medium comprising a first surface and a second surface, the channel medium being capable of transmitting acoustical energy there through;

providing a first arrangement coupled to the first surface and a second arrangement coupled to the second surface, wherein the first and second arrangements are positioned at least partially on opposite sides of the same region of the channel medium;

wherein the first arrangement comprises a first array coupled to the first surface, the first array comprising a plurality of first array elements, each first array element comprising a transducer, wherein each first array element can be controlled independently of other elements in the first array;

wherein the second arrangement comprises a second array coupled to the second surface, the second array comprising a plurality of second array elements, each second array element comprising a transducer, wherein each second array element can detect received transmissions independently of transmission detection at other second array elements;

optimizing the acoustic-electric channel using a sounding process, the optimizing step comprising individually exciting each first element of the first array one at a time to send a transmission through the channel medium, while simultaneously monitoring the received transmission or absence of received transmissions at each second element, thereby mapping which first elements effectively send transmissions to each of the second elements,

the optimizing step further comprising activating first elements which are capable of sending effective transmissions to at least a threshold number of second elements, and deactivating the remaining first elements; and

after the optimizing step, sending transmissions from the first arrangement using only the activated first elements.

23. A method of designing and constructing a dual transducer array acoustic-electric channel between transducer arrays coupled to moving surfaces, the method comprising:

providing a channel medium for passing acoustical transmissions, the channel medium comprising a first surface and a second surface which can move relative to each other, the channel medium being capable of transmitting acoustical energy there through;

determining performance requirements for the acoustic-electric channel;

determining a theoretical minimum transducer footprint required for a first array of the acoustic-electric channel to achieve the performance requirements if the first and second surfaces are stationary, and selecting two dimensions L_min1 and L_min2 for a transducer array having at least the minimum footprint;

determining maximum expected alignment errors ε

_max1 and ε

_max2 in each of two dimensions, the alignment errors corresponding to the maximum expected relative movement of first surface and second surface in the respective dimensions;

providing a first array having a first dimension of not less than L_min1+ε

_max1, and a second dimension of not less than L_min2+ε

_max2, wherein each dimension of the first array includes a plurality of first array elements, each element comprising a transducer;

coupling the first array with the first surface of the channel medium; and

providing a second array coupled to the second surface of the channel medium which, in an operable state, is at least partially opposite the first array.

24. The method of designing and constructing a dual transducer array acoustic-electric channel of claim 23, wherein the step of providing a second array comprises:

determining a theoretical minimum transducer footprint required for the second array of the acoustic-electric channel to achieve the performance requirements if the first and second surfaces are stationary, and selecting two dimensions L_min3 and L_min4 for a second transducer array having at least the minimum footprint;

providing the second array having a first dimension of not less than L_min3+ε

_max1, and a second dimension of not less than L_min4+ε

_max2, wherein each dimension of the second array includes a plurality of second array elements, each element comprising a transducer; and

providing the second array on the second surface of the channel medium in a position which, in an operable state, is at least partially opposite the first array.

25. The method of designing, constructing, and operating a dual transducer array acoustic-electric channel between moving surfaces of claim 23, the method further comprising:

optimizing at least the first array, wherein the optimization process comprises;

sending a plurality of transmissions using different combinations of first array elements,

detecting the plurality of transmissions sent by the different combinations of first array elements using the second array,

determining which of the tested combinations of first array elements resulted in the strongest received transmission being received at the second array,

activating the first array elements in the combination which resulted in the strongest received transmission at the second array, and deactivating the remaining first array elements;

after the first array has been optimized, sending transmissions from the first array using only the activated elements of the first array, and receiving said transmissions using the second array.

26. The method of designing, constructing, and operating a dual transducer array acoustic-electric channel between moving surfaces of claim 25, further comprising repeating the step of optimizing at least the first array either periodically or continuously to compensate for any relative movement of the first array and second array.