Tracking fading battery capacity in a plugged-in portable electronic device

• US 9,506,987 B2
• Filed: 03/08/2013
• Issued: 11/29/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/08/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Mattisson, Nils E., Ungar, P. Jeffrey, Greening, Thomas C., Koller, Jeffrey G.
• Primary Examiner(s): BETSCH, REGIS J
• Application Number:
  US13/791,328
• Publication Number:
  US 20140257724A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,362 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/367 Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3828 using current integration
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/3842 combining voltage and current measurements
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/30 Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A system for tracking the capacity of a battery in a portable electronic device is described. While plugged in-to a power adapter, the system measures a first open-circuit voltage for the battery while the battery rests at a first state of charge. Next, the system causes the battery to transition to a second state of charge. During the transition, the system integrates a current through the battery to determine a net change in charge. Next, the system measures a second open-circuit voltage while the battery rests at the second state of charge. Finally, the system estimates a capacity for the battery based on the first and second open-circuit voltages and the net change in charge. This capacity measurement is repeated and the multiple results are fitted to a line. The slope of fitted line is used to estimate how the battery capacity has faded since last measured using traditional techniques.

Claims

1. A method for estimating a capacity of a battery in a portable electronic device, comprising:

electrically coupling a portable electronic device to a power source;

charging, using the power source, a battery of the portable electronic device to a first state of charge, the first state of charge being above a threshold state of charge;

performing a first open-circuit voltage measurement on the battery while the battery rests at the first state of charge;

discharging the battery, while the portable electronic device remains electrically coupled to the power source, towards a second state of charge that is above the threshold state of charge;

monitoring a current through the battery while discharging the battery towards the second state of charge, the monitored current representing a net change in charge for the battery;

performing a second open-circuit voltage measurement on the battery while the battery rests at the second state of charge;

estimating a capacity of the battery based on the first open-circuit voltage measurement, the second open-circuit voltage measurement, and the net change in charge of the battery; and

displaying the estimate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:

repeating a process of estimating the capacity of the battery at multiple times to generate multiple estimates for the capacity of the battery; and

using the multiple estimates to produce a more-accurate estimate for the capacity of the battery.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein using the multiple estimates to produce a more-accurate estimate for the capacity of the battery comprises:

using the multiple estimates to determine a capacity-change trend for the battery; and

applying the capacity-change trend to a reference measurement for the capacity of the battery obtained while the portable electronic device was not electrically coupled to the power source.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the capacity-change trend comprises fitting the multiple estimates generated at multiple times to a linear function.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the capacity-change trend comprises fitting the multiple estimates generated at multiple times to a second-order function.

6. The method of claim 1,

wherein the first state of charge is higher than the second state of charge;

and

wherein causing the battery to transition from the first state of charge to the second state of charge involves powering the portable electronic device using the battery and not the power adapter while the portable electronic device is drawing current.

7. The method of claim 6,

wherein the first state of charge is a fully charged state for the battery;

and

wherein the second state of charge is within 5% of the fully charged state of the battery.

8. The method of claim 1,

wherein the second state of charge is higher than the first state of charge;

and

wherein causing the battery to transition from the first state of charge to the second state of charge involves charging the battery using current supplied by the power adapter.

9. A portable electronic device, comprising:

a connector configured to electrically couple to an external power source;

a battery;

a display unit; and

a controller, operatively coupled to the connector, the battery and the display unit, and configured to;

charge the battery using the external power source through the connector to a first state of charge, the first state of charge being above a threshold state of charge,

perform a first open-circuit voltage measurement on the battery while the battery rests at the first state of charge,

discharge the battery, while the portable electronic device remains electrically coupled to the power source, towards a second state of charge, the second state of charge being above the threshold state of charge,

monitor a current through the battery during discharge, the monitored current representing a net change in charge for the battery,

perform a second open-circuit voltage measurement on the battery while the battery rests at the second state of charge,

estimate a capacity of the battery based on the first open-circuit voltage measurement, the second open-circuit voltage measurement and the net change in charge of the battery, and

display the estimate on the display unit.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to:

repeat the estimate operation multiple times to generate multiple estimates for the capacity of the battery; and

use the multiple estimates to produce a more-accurate estimate for the capacity of the battery.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further configured to:

use the multiple estimates to determine a capacity-change trend for the battery; and

apply the capacity-change trend to a reference measurement for the capacity of the battery obtained while the portable electronic device was not electrically coupled to the power source to produce the more-accurate estimate for the capacity of the battery.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to fit the multiple estimates generated at multiple times to a linear function.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the controller is further configured to fit the multiple estimates generated at multiple times to a second-order function.

14. The system of claim 9, wherein the first state of charge is higher than the second state of charge.

15. The system of claim 14,

wherein the first state of charge is a fully charged state for the battery;

and

wherein the second state of charge is within 5% of the fully charged state of the battery.

16. The system of claim 9, wherein the second state of charge is higher than the first state of charge.

17. A system in a portable electronic device, comprising:

a controller for a portable electronic device configured to,

electrically couple the portable electronic device to a power source;

charge, using the power source, a battery of the portable electronic device to a first state of charge, the first state of charge being above a threshold state of charge;

perform a first open-circuit voltage measurement on the battery while the battery rests at the first state of charge;

discharge the battery, while the portable electronic device remains electrically coupled to the power source, towards a second state of charge that is above the threshold state of charge;

monitor a current through the battery during discharge towards the second state of charge, the monitored current representing a net change in charge for the battery;

perform a second open-circuit voltage measurement on the battery while the battery rests at the second state of charge;

estimate the capacity of the battery based on the first open-circuit voltage measurement, the second open-circuit voltage measurement and the net change in charge for the battery; and

display the estimate.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein the controller is further configured to:

repeat the estimate operation multiple times to generate multiple estimates for the capacity of the battery; and

use the multiple estimates to produce a more-accurate estimate for the capacity of the battery.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the controller is further configured to:

use the multiple estimates to determine a capacity-change trend for the battery; and

apply the capacity-change trend to a reference measurement for the capacity of the battery obtained while the portable electronic device was not plugged in to a power adapter to produce the more-accurate estimate for the capacity of the battery.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein the first state of charge is higher than the second state of charge.

21. The system of claim 17, wherein the second state of charge is higher than the first state of charge.