Base distribution network for dynamic wireless charging

• US 9,511,674 B2
• Filed: 06/18/2014
• Issued: 12/06/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: WiTricity Corporation
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Keeling, Nicholas Athol, Huang, Chang-Yu, Kissin, Michael Le Gallais, Beaver, Jonathan, Budhia, Mickel Bipin, Camasca Ramirez, Claudio Armando
• Primary Examiner(s): Doan, Nghia
• Application Number:
  US14/308,002
• Publication Number:
  US 20150298559A1
• Time in Patent Office: 902 Days
• Field of Search: 320/108
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/12 Bikes
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/30 AC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 5/005 without mechanical contact between the collector and the power supply line
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/122 Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/39 with position-responsive activation of primary coils
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/65 involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
• CPC Class Codes: B60M 1/36 Single contact pieces along the line for power supply
• CPC Class Codes: B60M 7/003 for vehicles using stored power (e.g. charging stations)
• CPC Class Codes: B60M 7/006 for auto-scooters or the like, the power being supplied over a broad surface
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/005 Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00304 Overcurrent protection
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 : Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 : Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/167 : Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 30/14 : Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Abstract

Dynamic systems may require a large number of coils (charging pads) which may be installed into the roadway to wirelessly provide power to electric vehicles as they are traveling along the roadway. The current in each of these coils may need to be turned on and off as a vehicle drives over the coils in order to efficiently utilize power and properly convey power to the passing vehicles. The supply network behind these coils may need to be capable of managing the individual coils with minimal infrastructure and cost as well as be capable of distributing the required power from the power grid to these pads efficiently and safely. The supply network may include charging coils, switches, local controllers, and distribution circuitry within a modular element, which may receive power from external sources and may be controlled by a central controller.

Claims

1. A device for distributing power, the device comprising:

a first plurality of charging coils configured to provide wireless power;

a first plurality of switches, each switch of the first plurality of switches paired with one charging coil of the first plurality of charging coils and each switch configured to selectively control power to its respective charging coil;

a second plurality of charging coils configured to provide wireless power;

a second plurality of switches, each switch of the second plurality of switches paired with one charging coil of the second plurality of charging coils and each switch configured to selectively control power to its respective charging coil;

a first control unit configured to control the first plurality of switches; and

a second control unit configured to control the second plurality of switches,

the first and second pluralities of charging coils being interleaved, the first and second control units being further configured to power only one charging coil from each of the first and second pluralities of charging coils, respectively, at a time such that adjacent charging coils are powered from different control units based on one or more control signals from each control unit, and the first plurality of switches being configured to couple the first plurality of charging coils to the control unit and the second plurality of switches being configured to couple the second plurality of charging coils to the control unit.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and second control units are further configured to couple to a power source via a plurality of power paths, wherein a first power path is coupled to the first plurality of switches via the first control unit and a second power path is coupled to the second plurality of switches via the second control unit.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the first and second control units receive current from the power source and distributes the current to the first and second pluralities of switches via the first and second power paths, respectively.

4. The device of claim 1, further comprising an inverter configured to generate a current and a backbone configured to provide the generated current to the first and second control units.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second pluralities of switches and the first and second control units is further configured to limit a phase of a current flow through a charging coil to be one of zero or 180 degrees.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and second control units are further configured to receive a control signal from a system controller and activate at least one of the switches of the first or second pluralities of switches, respectively, based on the control signal.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the first and second control units are further configured to distribute power to one charging coil via each of the first and second power paths, respectively at the same time.

8. The device of claim 1, further comprising an enclosure, wherein the first and second pluralities of charging coils, the first and second control units, and the first and second pluralities of switches are enclosed within the enclosure, and wherein the enclosure, the first and second pluralities of charging coils, the first and second control units, and the first and second pluralities of switches form a modular device.

9. A method for distributing power, the method comprising:

selectively coupling one charging coil of a first plurality of charging coils to a first control unit via a first plurality of switches, the charging coils configured to provide wireless power;

selectively coupling one charging coil of a second plurality of charging coils to a second control unit via a second plurality of switches;

generating, via the one charging coil of the first plurality of charging coils a wireless field to distribute power; and

generating, via the one charging coil of the second plurality of charging coils another wireless field to distribute power, the first and second pluralities of charging coils being interleaved and generating the wireless fields via the first and second charging coils via the first and second control units, respectively, at a same time such that adjacent charging coils are powered from different control units based on one or more control signals from each control unit.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

receiving a control signal from a system controller and selectively coupling one charging coil of the first plurality of charging coils to the first control unit based on the control signal.

11. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

receiving a current from a power source; and

coupling the current to the first and second pluralities of switches via a first power path and second power path, wherein the first power path couples the power source to the first plurality of switches and the second power path couples the power source to the second plurality of switches.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising selectively distributing the current to the first and second pluralities of switches via the first and second power paths.

13. The method of claim 9, further comprising generating a current via an inverter and providing the current to the first and second control units from the inverter via a backbone.

14. The method of claim 9, further comprising limiting a phase of a current flow through the charging coils to be one of zero and 180 degrees.

15. The method of claim 9, further comprising distributing power to the first and second pluralities of switches via the first and second power paths at the same time and distributing power to a single charging coil from each of the first and second pluralities of charging coils at a moment in time.

16. The method of claim 9, further comprising enclosing, within an enclosure, the first and second pluralities of charging coils, the first and second control units, and the first and second pluralities of switches, wherein the enclosure, the first and second pluralities of charging coils, the first and second control units, and the first and second pluralities of switches form a modular device.

17. A device for distributing power, the device comprising:

a first plurality of means for providing wireless power;

a second plurality of means for providing wireless power;

a first plurality of means for selectively controlling configured to selectively provide power to the first plurality of wireless power providing means;

a second plurality of means for selectively controlling configured to selectively provide power to the second plurality of wireless power providing means;

a first means for controlling the first plurality of selectively controlling means; and

a second means for controlling the second plurality of selectively controlling means, the first and second pluralities of wireless power providing means being interleaved, the first and second controlling means being configured to power only one wireless power providing means from each of the first and second pluralities of wireless power providing means, respectively, at a time such that adjacent wireless power providing means are powered from different controlling means based on one or more control signals from each controlling means, and each of the first plurality of selectively controlling means further configured to respectively couple one of the first plurality of wireless power providing means to the controlling means and each of the second plurality of selectively controlling means further configured to respectively couple one of the plurality of wireless power providing means to the controlling means.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein the first plurality of wireless power providing means comprises a first plurality of charging coils.

19. The device of claim 17, wherein the second plurality of wireless power providing means comprises a second plurality of charging coils.

20. The device of claim 17, wherein the first plurality of selectively controlling means comprises a first plurality of switches.

21. The device of claim 17, wherein the second plurality of selectively controlling means comprises a second plurality of switches.

22. The device of claim 17, wherein the first and second controlling means comprise a first control and a second control unit, respectively.

23. The device of claim 17, wherein the first controlling means is further configured to couple to a power source, via a first power path, coupled to the first plurality of selectively controlling means and wherein the second controlling means is further configured to couple the power source, via a second power path, to the second plurality of selectively controlling means.

24. The device of claim 23, wherein the first and second controlling means are further configured to receive a current from the power source and distribute the current to the first and second pluralities of selectively controlling means via the first and second power paths, respectively.

25. The device of claim 17, further comprising a means for inverting configured to generate a current and a means for conveying the current configured to provide the generated current from the means for inverting to the first and second means for controlling.

26. The device of claim 17, wherein at least one selectively controlling means of the first and second pluralities of selectively controlling means is further configured to limit a phase of a current flow through the coupled wireless power providing means to be one of zero or 180 degrees.

27. The device of claim 17, wherein the first and second controlling means are further configured to receive a control signal from a system controller and activate one of the selectively controlling means of the first or second pluralities of selectively controlling means, respectively, based on the control signal.

28. The device of claim 17, wherein the first and second controlling means are each further configured to distribute power to a single wireless power providing means via each of the first and second power paths, respectively, at a moment in time.

29. The device of claim 17, further comprising a means for enclosing, wherein the first and second pluralities of wireless providing means, the first and second controlling means, and the first and second pluralities of selectively controlling means are each enclosed within the enclosing means.

30. The device of claim 29, wherein the enclosing means, the first and second pluralities of wireless providing means, the first and second controlling means, and the first and second pluralities of selectively controlling means form a modular device.