Slip stream for reliable anode to cathode flow in freeze conditions

• US 9,520,604 B2
• Filed: 02/28/2014
• Issued: 12/13/2016
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Leary, James K., Clingerman, Bruce J., Daum, Ronald J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Nicholas A
• Application Number:
  US14/193,144
• Publication Number:
  US 20140272650A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,019 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/31 for starting of fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2008/1095 Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/20 Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04201 Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04223 during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04225 during start-up
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04228 during shut-down
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04253 Means for solving freezing problems
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04302 applied during start-up
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04303 applied during shut-down
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2484 characterised by external manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

A device and method for ensuring proper fuel cell system warmup or shutdown during freeze conditions. A three-way valve is used in conjunction with a flow-controlling orifice to ensure that the orifice avoids ice blockage during frozen conditions. Dry, warm air is delivered as a slip stream under pressure to a cathode flowpath, where the construction of the orifice is such that it is structurally compliant to promote flexing in response to the pressurized slip stream, thereby helping to break up any small amount of ice that may have formed in or on the orifice.

Claims

1. A fluid control device for a fuel cell system with at least one anode and at least one cathode, said device comprising:

a three-way valve configured to fluidly couple with a cathode flow path of said at least one cathode and an anode flow path of said at least one anode, and to receive to a hydrogen-bearing fluid from said anode flow path, said valve being configured to permit selective passage of at least one of said hydrogen-bearing fluid and a pressurized slip stream fluid therethrough; and

a flow-controlling orifice fluidly coupled to said three-way valve and configured to deliver a metered quantity of said hydrogen-bearing fluid and said slip stream fluid to said cathode flow path, said orifice having a flexible construction such that, when frozen water is present in said fuel cell system, said orifice responds to enhanced pressure of said slip stream fluid and removes frozen water situated thereon by a flexing action of said orifice in response to said passage of said slip stream fluid therethrough.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein said orifice is integrally formed as a part of said three-way valve.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein said orifice is disposed fluidly downstream of said three-way valve in a conduit that is configured to convey said hydrogen-bearing fluid from said valve to said at least one cathode of said fuel cell system.

4. The device of claim 3, further comprising a backflow-prevention valve disposed fluidly between a source of said slip stream fluid and said orifice.

17. The device of claim 1, wherein the valve includes an electrically actuated solenoid valve with an inlet orifice fluidly coupled to the anode flow path, an outlet conduit fluidly coupled to the cathode flow path, and a pintle configured to selectively press against the orifice and thereby restrict flow of the hydrogen-bearing fluid from the anode flow path to the cathode flow path.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein the pintle is connected to a spring-biased plunger configured to translate rectilinearly away from the orifice in response to an electric current passing through a coil.

19. The device of claim 1, further comprising compressor configured to deliver said slip stream fluid with a higher pressure and a lower humidity than said hydrogen-bearing fluid.

20. The device of claim 19, further comprising a slip stream conduit configured to receive the slip stream fluid from the compressor, the slip stream conduit being fluidly downstream from the anode flow pack and fluidly upstream from the cathode flow path.

5. A fuel cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cells each of which comprises an anode to accept a hydrogen-bearing fluid, a cathode to accept an oxygen-bearing fluid and a medium cooperative with said anode and said cathode to pass at least one catalytically-ionized reactant therebetween;

an anode flow_path in fluid communication with said anode;

a cathode flow_path in fluid communication with said cathode; and

a three-way valve fluidly cooperative with said anode flow_path and said cathode flow_path, said valve comprising;

at least one actuation mechanism to establish selective introduction of said hydrogen-bearing fluid from said anode flow_path into said cathode flow_path; and

a flow controlling orifice configured to control anode flow into said cathode flow_path such that in an environmental condition where water present in said flow_path and said valve may be frozen, said orifice is responsive to the enhanced pressure of said slip stream fluid such that any frozen water situated thereon is removed by a flexing action of said orifice in response to said passage of said slip stream fluid therethrough.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein said system is further configured such that said slip stream fluid is delivered in a pressurized state relative to said hydrogen-bearing fluid.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein said system is further configured such that said slip stream fluid is delivered through said orifice with a lower humidity than said hydrogen-bearing fluid.

8. The system of claim 5, wherein said orifice is disposed fluidly downstream of said actuation mechanism and not contained within a housing of said valve.

9. The system of claim 5, wherein said at least one actuation mechanism comprises a linearly-movable plunger.

10. The system of claim 5, wherein said at least one actuation mechanism comprises a rotatable plug.

11. A method of operating a fuel cell system, said method comprising:

configuring a valve to be fluidly cooperative with an anode flow_path and a cathode flow_path of said fuel cell system, said valve comprising at least one actuation mechanism and a flow controlling orifice;

passing a pressurized slip stream through said orifice such that in an environmental condition where water present in at least one of said anode flow_path, cathode flow_path and valve may be frozen, said orifice flexes in response to the enhanced pressure of said slip stream such that any frozen water situated thereon is removed by said flexing; and

introducing a hydrogen-bearing fluid to said cathode flow_path from said anode flow_path through said at least one actuation mechanism and said orifice.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said operating takes place during shutdown of said fuel cell system in said environmental condition where water present in at least one of said anode flow_path, cathode flow_path and valve is frozen.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein said operating takes place during startup of said fuel cell system in said environmental condition where water present in at least one of said anode flow_path, cathode flow_path and valve is frozen.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein said slip stream comprises air that is of a temperature above the freezing temperature of water and a humidity of below twenty-percent.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said air being passed through said orifice is delivered from a compressor used to deliver a reactant to said cathode flow_path.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein said valve is a three-way valve.