Wind turbine having a HTS generator with a plurality of phases

• US 9,541,064 B2
• Filed: 12/18/2013
• Issued: 01/10/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/2012
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Envision Energy (Denmark) ApS
• Original Assignee: Envision Energy (Denmark) ApS
• Inventors: Rasmussen, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, VIET P
• Application Number:
  US14/132,365
• Publication Number:
  US 20140175796A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,119 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/028 controlling wind motor output power
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/042 by means of an electrical or electronic controller
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/255 connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/28 The renewable source being wind energy wind motors F03D
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/40 Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 55/04 with rotating field windings
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 7/1838 Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/4585 having a rectifier with controlled elements
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/493 the static converters being arranged for operation in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 25/22 Multiple windings; Windings for more than three phases
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/76 Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/60 Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wind turbine having a wind turbine tower with a nacelle provided on the top to which a rotor hub with one or more wind turbine blades is rotatably mounted by a rotor shaft. A generator is arranged in the nacelle, wherein the superconducting rotor coils induce a current in the stator coils when the rotor is rotated, and wherein the stator coils are arranged in at least four phases. One or more converter modules convert the power output from the generator so that it matches the power of a power grid. The generator side of the converter modules comprises a number of rectifying circuits equal to the phases in the generator, while the power grid side comprises a number of inverting circuits equal to the phases of the power grid. This allows the transient of the electromagnetic brake torque relative to the nominal electromagnetic torque of the generator to be reduced. The ripples of the electromagnetic torque are also reduced since the switching frequency of the converter is increased. This in turn reduces the mechanical stresses occurring in the drive train in the event of a failure or error occurring in one of the converter modules. The present invention also relates to a method of operation of such a wind turbine where the defective converter module is selectively switched off and the wind turbine is put into operation again at a lower operation level.

Claims

1. A method of operating a wind turbine comprising:

providing;

a wind turbine tower having a top and a bottom,

a nacelle arranged on top of the wind turbine tower,

a rotor hub rotatably mounted to the nacelle,

one or more wind turbine blades mounted to the rotor hub, wherein the wind turbine blades define a rotor plane, and wherein a pitching mechanism is coupled to at least a part of one of the wind turbine blades,

a shaft coupled to the rotor hub,

a generator coupled to the shaft, the generator having a rotor rotatably arranged in relation to a stator, the rotor comprising at least one superconducting rotor coil and the stator comprises at least one conductive stator coil, wherein the superconducting rotor coils and the stator coils have interacting magnetic fields inducing a current in the stator coil when the rotor is rotated,

at least one converter is electrically coupled to the generator, the at least one converter having a power grid side electrically connected to a generator side, the power grid side electrically coupled to a power grid having a predetermined grid code, and the generator side electrically coupled to the generator, wherein the at least one converter is configured to convert the power output from the generator so that it matches the power of the power grid,

wherein the stator coils in the generator form at least two sets of stator coils for reducing a transient of an electromagnetic brake torque relative to a nominal electromagnetic torque of the generator, and wherein each set of stator coils forms a predetermined number of phases, and wherein the at least one converter includes at least two converter modules each having a generator side and a power grid side, wherein the generator side of each converter module comprises a plurality of rectifying circuits electrically coupled to one of the sets of stator coils arranged in the generator,

wherein at least one controller is electrically coupled to at least one measuring unit and to switching means which are electrically coupled to each of the at least two converter modules, wherein the at least one controller is configured to control the operation of the switching means so that the power output is distributed over said at least two converter modules in a normal operation mode;

detecting an error in the wind turbine via the at least one measuring unit;

activating the switching means via the at least one controller so that the at least one converter is disconnected from the power grid;

activating the pitching mechanism so that said at least a part of one of the wind turbine blades is pitched out of a wind direction;

wherein the at least one controller selectively switches off a part of the at least one converter in which the error is detected;

further activating the pitching mechanism so that said at least a part of one of the wind turbine blades is pitched into the wind direction,

wherein the at least one controller switches in any remaining parts of the at least one converter in which no error is detected so that the at least one converter is reconnected to the power grid; and

wherein the at least one controller further changes at least a power reference used to control the operation of the wind turbine in the normal operation mode to another predetermined value which is between 40% to 60% of the power output during the normal operation mode.

2. The method of operating a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the at least one converter is electrically coupled to the at least one controller which further controls the operation of the at least one converter, the at least one controller having at least one sub-controller electrically coupled to the at least one converter where said at least one sub-controller controls at least one of the generator side and the power grid side of the at least one converter.

3. The method of operating a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein one of the sets of stator coils is arranged to form forms a polyphase coupling electrically connected to the rectifying circuits arranged in one of the generator sides of the converter modules.

4. The method of operating a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the stator comprises a plurality of slots in which the stator coils are arranged, and wherein the stator coils are arranged in at least two layers.

5. The method of operating a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein a direct current link is electrically connected between an output of the generator side and an input of the power grid side in the at least one converter.

6. The method of operating a wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein a transformer having a primary side and a secondary side is electrically coupled between the at least one converter and the power grid.