Touch sensing with mobile sensors

• US 9,552,100 B2
• Filed: 04/08/2016
• Issued: 01/24/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 01/26/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Westerman, Wayne Carl, Elias, John Greer
• Primary Examiner(s): Mehmood, Jennifer
• Assistant Examiner(s): Abebe, Sosina
• Application Number:
  US15/094,979
• Publication Number:
  US 20160246441A1
• Time in Patent Office: 291 Days
• US Class Current: 1/1
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/24137 Distances to cluster centroïds
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04101 2.5D-digitiser, i.e. digitiser detecting the X/Y position of the input means, finger or stylus, also when it does not touch, but is proximate to the digitiser's interaction surface and also measures the distance of the input means within a short range in the Z direction, possibly with a separate measurement setup
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04104 Multi-touch detection in digitiser, i.e. details about the simultaneous detection of a plurality of touching locations, e.g. multiple fingers or pen and finger
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04106 Multi-sensing digitiser, i.e. digitiser using at least two different sensing technologies simultaneously or alternatively, e.g. for detecting pen and finger, for saving power or for improving position detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 2203/04808 Several contacts: gestures triggering a specific function, e.g. scrolling, zooming, right-click, when the user establishes several contacts with the surface simultaneously; e.g. using several fingers or a combination of fingers and pen
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0235 using chord techniques G06F3/0234 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/041 Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0412 Digitisers structurally integrated in a display
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04166 Details of scanning methods, e.g. sampling time, grouping of sub areas or time sharing with display driving Synchronisation with the driving of the display or the backlighting unit to avoid interferences generated internally G06F3/04184
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04186 Touch location disambiguation
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0446 using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0447 Position sensing using the local deformation of sensor cells
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04815 Interaction with a metaphor-based environment or interaction object displayed as three-dimensional, e.g. changing the user viewpoint with respect to the environment or object
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04845 for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0485 Scrolling or panning
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/0488 using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04883 for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04886 by partitioning the display area of the touch-screen or the surface of the digitising tablet into independently controllable areas, e.g. virtual keyboards or menus
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/19173 Classification techniques
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/1983 Syntactic or structural pattern recognition, e.g. symbolic string recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/107 : Static hand or arm
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 17/9622 : using a plurality of detectors, e.g. keyboard
• CPC Class Codes: H03K 2217/960725 : Charge-transfer

Abstract

Apparatus and methods are disclosed for simultaneously tracking multiple finger and palm contacts as hands approach, touch, and slide across a proximity-sensing, multi-touch surface. Identification and classification of intuitive hand configurations and motions enables unprecedented integration of typing, resting, pointing, scrolling, 3D manipulation, and handwriting into a versatile, ergonomic computer input device.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

an array of touch sensors;

a plurality of keys, wherein the array of touch sensors has an area that spans the plurality of keys such that the array of touch sensors senses touches of an object to surfaces of the keys, each key including

a compressible structure on which one or more of the touch sensors is disposed, wherein a force applied by the object to the surface of one of the keys compresses the compressible structure of the key to move the surface of the key by an amount based on the applied force, and

a sensing element mounted below the surface of the key, the sensing element being disposed such that the force applied by the object moves the surface of the key toward the sensing element;

a keypress detector that senses a keypress of one of the keys in response to the force applied by the object on the surface of the key exceeding a threshold force; and

an input processor that provides an indication of the sensed touch with respect to the area of the touch sensor array and that provides an indication of the sensed keypress.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the threshold force includes a predetermined threshold force value, and sensing the keypress includes determining an applied force value of the applied force and comparing the applied force value to the threshold force value.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising:

a contact parameter processor that determines a proximity of the object, mathematically fits an ellipse to the proximity, and determines ellipse axis lengths of the fitted ellipse, wherein determining the applied force value includes determining a ratio of the proximity to the ellipse axis lengths.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein sensing the keypress further includes determining an impulsivity of the applied force.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, further comprising:

a contact parameter processor that determines a proximity of the object at each of a plurality of times to obtain a proximity profile of the object, wherein the impulsivity is based on the proximity profile.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the one or more touch sensors of each key includes a first conductive element, the sensing element of each key includes a second conductive element, the applied force by the object moves the first conductive element a first distance toward the second conductive element, and determining the applied force value includes determining a change in a capacitance value based on the first distance.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the capacitance value includes a self-capacitance of the first conductive element.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the keypress detector further senses a typematic keypress of the key in response to the force applied by the object on the surface exceeding the threshold force for greater than a predetermined time, and the input processor further provides an indication of the typematic keypress.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the surface of each of the plurality of keys corresponds to an individual key region of a single, continuous surface of the apparatus.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the touch sensors of the array includes a conductive element, the sensing elements of the keys include a single, continuous conductive layer, and the compressible structures of the keys include a single, continuous layer of compliant material disposed between the array of touch sensors and the conductive layer, such that the applied force by the object on the surface of one of the keys moves the conductive element of the one or more touch sensors of the key by a first distance toward the conductive layer.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the threshold force includes a predetermined threshold force value, and sensing the keypress includes determining an applied force value of the applied force, the applied force value being based on a change in a self capacitance value of the one or more conductive elements that are moved toward the conductive layer.

12. A method of sensing touches and keypresses by an object on a plurality of keys of an electronic device, the method comprising:

providing an array of touch sensors, the array having an area that spans a plurality of keys of the electronic device, the array of touch sensors sensing touches by the object to surfaces of the keys;

providing, for each key, a compressible structure on which one or more of the touch sensors is disposed, wherein a force applied by the object to the surface of one of the keys compresses the compressible structure of the key to move the surface of the key by an amount based on the applied force;

providing, for each key, a sensing element mounted below the surface of the key, the sensing element being disposed such that the force applied by the object moves the surface of the key toward the sensing element;

sensing a keypress of one of the keys in response to the force applied by the object on the surface of the key exceeding a threshold force;

providing an indication of a position of the sensed touch with respect to the area of the touch sensor array; and

providing an indication of the sensed keypress.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the surface of each of the plurality of keys corresponds to an individual key region of a single, continuous surface of the electronic device.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the surface of each key includes a first surface of a dielectric element, the one or more touch sensors of each key being affixed to a second surface of the dielectric element.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein each touch sensor is capable of providing an indication of proximity of the object.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the compressible structure includes a compliant dielectric layer, the array of touch sensors being affixed to the compliant dielectric layer, and the applied force by the object to the surface of the key deforms the compliant dielectric layer and moves any touch sensor affixed thereabout, closer to the sensing element.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein each touch sensor senses the touch based on a change in self capacitance of the touch sensor.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the keypress is sensed based on a change in a capacitance of one or more touch sensors moved closer to the sensing element by the applied force.