Dynamic transmitter signal envelope shaping control for NFC or RFID devices

• US 9,654,181 B1
• Filed: 12/14/2015
• Issued: 05/16/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 12/14/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NXP B.V. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: NXP B.V. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Inventors: Wobak, Markus, Kormann, Leonhard, Nunziata, Fred George
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran, Tuan A
• Application Number:
  US14/968,788
• Time in Patent Office: 519 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/101 for measurement of specific parameters of the transmitter or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/24 Inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/72 for local intradevice communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer

Abstract

Transmitter (TX) modulation envelope parameters are defined in RF standards (e.g., ISO 14443, NFC Forum, EMVCo). These envelope parameters include rise/fall times, modulation index, etc. For standards compliancy, these envelope parameters must be within the respective limits. For example, shaping parameters are influenced by detuning the antenna with a counterpart device like a card or mobile phone, or by thermal influences on the matching network. This disclosure describes an NFC or RFID device that is able to detect and measure the detuning on the antenna and/or the matching network change. With this information, the NFC or RFID device can dynamically control the shaping parameters of the envelope, instead of relying on one single static configuration setting for the transmitter. In particular, changes in the Q (quality) factor are used for dynamically controlling the transmitter signal envelope shape for compensating the effect of antenna detuning and/or matching network variation.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically controlling transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape, the method comprising:

sensing a TX current and/or voltage of a transmitter;

sensing a matching current and/or voltage of an antenna and matching network;

determining a Q (quality) factor based on the TX current and/or voltage and the matching current and/or voltage;

dynamically controlling the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape based on the Q factor.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein dynamically controlling the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape comprises:

performing digital predistortion of the TX signal envelope;

performing analog signal shaping of the TX signal envelope.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the analog signal shaping of the TX signal envelope is controlled by a pre-driver and is actually achieved by changing an output resistance in an output driver.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape is defined by a plurality of clock pulses with varying amplitudes.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape is controlled based on one or more of the following envelope shaping parameters:

fall time, rise time, falling edge, rising edge, overshoot, undershoot, modulation index, modulation width.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the envelope shaping parameters are defined in a RF (radio frequency) standard.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the RF (radio frequency) standard is one of the following standards:

ISO 14443, NFC Forum, EMVCo.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape is controlled by using a plurality of preset signal shape configurations.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of preset signal shape configurations is stored in a memory.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein sensing a matching current and/or voltage of an antenna and matching network comprises:

sensing the matching current and/or voltage at one or more nodes of the antenna and matching network.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the Q factor is determined based on a ratio of the TX current divided by the matching current or on a ratio of the TX voltage divided by the matching voltage.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitter is a Near Field Communication (NFC) transmitter or a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) transmitter.

13. A device for dynamically controlling transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape, the device comprising:

an antenna and matching circuit configured to be driven by a TX current corresponding to a TX voltage;

a first sensor configured to sense the TX current and/or voltage;

a second sensor configured to sense a matching current and/or voltage of the antenna and matching network;

a control unit configured to;

determining a Q (quality) factor based on the TX current and/or voltage and the matching current and/or voltage,

dynamically controlling the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape based on the Q factor.

14. The device of claim 13 further comprising:

a digital driver configured to performing digital predistortion of the TX signal envelope;

a pre-driver;

an output driver,

wherein the pre-driver and the output driver are configured to perform together analog signal shaping of the TX signal envelope.

15. The device of claim 14, wherein the analog signal shaping of the TX signal envelope is achieved by changing an output resistance in the output driver.

16. The device of claim 13, wherein the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape is controlled by using a plurality of preset signal shape configurations.

17. The device of claim 13, wherein the device is a Near Field Communication (NFC) device or a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device.

18. A method for dynamically controlling transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape, the method comprising:

sensing a matching current and/or voltage of an antenna and matching network;

determining a Q (quality) factor based on the matching current and/or voltage as compared to a reference current and/or voltage level;

dynamically controlling the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape based on the Q factor, wherein dynamically controlling the transmitter (TX) signal envelope shape comprises;

performing digital predistortion of the TX signal envelope,

performing analog signal shaping of the TX signal envelope.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the reference current and/or voltage level is associated with a condition where the antenna and matching network is not coupled to any counterpart device.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the antenna and matching network is associated with a Near Field Communication (NFC) device or a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device.