Systems and methods for detecting abnormalities in electrical and electrochemical energy units

• US 9,658,292 B2
• Filed: 03/14/2014
• Issued: 05/23/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Roumi, Farshid, Roumi, Jamshid
• Primary Examiner(s): Ryan, Patrick
• Assistant Examiner(s): McConnell, Wyatt
• Application Number:
  US14/211,381
• Publication Number:
  US 20140272500A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,166 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 19/16542 for batteries charge condition monitoring in G01R31/36
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 29/0814 Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans EMC, EMI and similar testing in general G01R31/001, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/382 Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/385 Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables for monitoring G01R31/382
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/50 Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections testing of sparking plugs H01T13/58
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/52 Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/64 Testing of capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: H01G 11/14 Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for capacitors, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions H02H7/16; emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltages without disconnection H02H9/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/48 Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals, H01M50/569
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A method for abnormality detection in an energy unit includes passively detecting an abnormality in an energy unit by detecting electromagnetic radiation generated by the abnormality, the energy unit comprising at least one of an electrical energy unit and an electrochemical energy unit. A method for detecting an abnormality in an energy unit includes (a) applying a signal to the energy unit, (b) performing a plurality of measurements, at a respective plurality of different locations within the energy unit, of a response of the energy unit to the signal, and (c) processing the plurality of measurements to identify the abnormality.

Claims

1. A method for abnormality detection in an energy unit, comprising:

passively detecting an abnormality in an energy unit by detecting with at least one pickup coil an electromagnetic signal generated by the abnormality, the energy unit comprising at least one of an electrical energy unit and an electrochemical energy unit.

2. The method of claim 1, the step of detecting the electromagnetic signal comprising:

generating, in the at least one pickup coil, a sensor signal in response to the electromagnetic signal; and

processing the sensor signal to isolate a signal feature indicative of the abnormality in the energy unit.

3. The method of claim 1,

the electromagnetic signal being generated by the abnormality upon occurrence of the abnormality;

or

the step of passively detecting the abnormality comprising passively detecting the abnormality in less than 10 milliseconds after occurrence of the abnormality.

4. The method of claim 1, each of the electrical energy unit and the electrochemical energy unit comprising at least one of an energy storage system and an energy harnessing system.

5. The method of claim 1, the energy unit comprising at least one of an electrochemical cell, a capacitor cell, an ultra-capacitor cell, a flow battery, and a fuel cell.

6. The method of claim 1, the step of passively detecting the abnormality comprising passively detecting a short in an energy storage device in the energy unit.

7. The method of claim 2, the signal feature being one or more pulses, each having duration less than 10 milliseconds.

8. The method of claim 1,

the at least one pickup coil being a plurality of pickup coils at a plurality of respective different locations;

the step of passively detecting the abnormality comprising sensing electromagnetic signals with the plurality of pickup coils at the plurality of respective different locations to generate a respective plurality measurements; and

the method further comprising spatially locating the abnormality by comparing the plurality of measurements.

9. The method of claim 8, the step of sensing comprising measuring magnitude of the electromagnetic signals at the plurality of different locations.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

communicating detection of the abnormality to a control unit for the energy unit; and

invoking a control measure to at least a portion of the energy unit associated with the abnormality.

12. The method of claim 1, the step of passively detecting comprising using at least one planar pickup coil to detect the electromagnetic signal.

13. The method of claim 1, the step of passively detecting comprising detecting the electromagnetic signal using a plurality of pickup coils cooperatively sensitive to electromagnetic signal generated from electrical current of arbitrary direction.

14. The method of claim 13, the step of passively detecting comprising using at least one non-planar pickup coil to detect the electromagnetic signal.

15. The method of claim 1, the step of passively detecting comprising detecting the electromagnetic signal via magnetic induction in the at least one pickup coil.

16. The method of claim 1, the pickup coil including a two-terminal electrical component, the electromagnetic signal including a temporally varying magnetic field, the step of passively detecting comprising detecting the electromagnetic signal via detection of an electrical current produced in the two-terminal electrical component when subject to the temporally varying magnetic field.

17. The method of claim 16, the two-terminal electrical component including an electrically conductive wire shaped to form at least a portion of a loop between the two terminals.

18. The method of claim 17, the electrically conductive wire being shaped to form at least one complete loop between the two terminals.

19. The method of claim 18, the electrically conductive wire being shaped to form a plurality of loops between the two terminals.

11. An energy storage system with abnormality detection capability, comprising:

at least one energy storage device for generating electricity from stored energy, the stored energy being at least one of electrical energy and chemical energy; and

a least one pickup coil for generating a sensor signal in response to an electromagnetic signal passively generated by an electrical abnormality in the energy storage system.