Solution polymers including one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds, solution polymerization methods, and polymer compositions
First Claim
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1. A process comprising the steps of:
- i) mixing two or more monomers with a solvent;
ii) adding an initiator to the solvent or a mixture of the solvent and the two or more monomers, wherein the molar ratio of the two or more monomers to the initiator is about 50;
1 or more;
iii) anionically polymerizing the two or more monomers to form a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 3000 daltons or more, wherein the two or more monomers includes a first monomer which is a 1,1-disubstituted alkene compound and a second monomer different from the first monomer;
in solution,the step of anionically polymerizing includes initiating the polymerization of the first monomer with the initiator,the polymer includes both the first monomer and the second monomer; and
the step of anionically polymerizing is in a polymerization solution including a base or a compound capable of forming a base or a nucleophile that can initiate the anionic polymerization of the first monomer.
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Abstract
The present teachings show that it is possible to polymerize 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in a solution (for example using one or more solvents). Polymerization of 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an solution provides opportunities to better control the polymerization compared with bulk polymerization. The solution polymerization techniques can be employed for preparing homopolymers, copolymers (e.g., random copolymers), and block copolymers.
218 Citations
22 Claims
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1. A process comprising the steps of:
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i) mixing two or more monomers with a solvent; ii) adding an initiator to the solvent or a mixture of the solvent and the two or more monomers, wherein the molar ratio of the two or more monomers to the initiator is about 50;
1 or more;iii) anionically polymerizing the two or more monomers to form a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 3000 daltons or more, wherein the two or more monomers includes a first monomer which is a 1,1-disubstituted alkene compound and a second monomer different from the first monomer;
in solution,the step of anionically polymerizing includes initiating the polymerization of the first monomer with the initiator, the polymer includes both the first monomer and the second monomer; and the step of anionically polymerizing is in a polymerization solution including a base or a compound capable of forming a base or a nucleophile that can initiate the anionic polymerization of the first monomer. - View Dependent Claims (22)
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2. A process comprising the steps of:
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i) mixing at least one monomer with a solvent; ii) adding an initiator to the solvent or the mixture of the solvent and the at least one monomer; and iii) anionically polymerizing, in solution, the at least one monomer to form a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 3000 daltons or more, wherein the at least one monomer includes two or more monomers, wherein the two or more monomers includes a first monomer which is a 1,1-disubstituted alkene compound and a second monomer different from the first monomer; the polymer includes both the first monomer and the second monomer; and the polymer has a glass transition temperature of 50°
C. or more. - View Dependent Claims (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20)
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16. A process comprising the steps of:
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anionically polymerizing two or more monomers in solution to form a random copolymer, wherein the two or more monomers includes a first monomer that is a 1,1-disubstituted alkene compound and a second monomer different from the first monomer, wherein the anionically polymerizing process comprises the steps of; i) mixing at least the first monomer, the second monomer, and the solvent; ii) adding an initiator; ii) reacting the initiator with one of the two or more monomers for initiating the anionic polymerization of the two or more monomers; and iii) anionically polymerizing the two or more monomers to form a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 3000 daltons or more, including both the first monomer and the second monomer; wherein the random copolymer has a polydispersity index of 1.5 or less. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19)
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21. A process comprising the steps of:
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anionically polymerizing two or more monomers in solution to form a random copolymer, wherein the two or more monomers includes a first monomer that is a 1,1-disubstituted alkene compound and a second monomer different from the first monomer, wherein the anionically polymerizing process comprises the steps of; i) mixing at least the first monomer, the second monomer, and the solvent; ii) adding an initiator; ii) reacting the initiator with one of the two or more monomers for initiating the anionic polymerization of the two or more monomers; and iii) anionically polymerizing the two or more monomers to form a polymer having a weight average molecular weight of about 3000 daltons or more, including both the first monomer and the second monomer; wherein the first monomer is present at greater than 70 weight percent, based on the total weight of the random copolymer.
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Specification