Scanning laser time of flight 3D imaging

• US 9,684,075 B2
• Filed: 10/27/2011
• Issued: 06/20/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 10/27/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microvision, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Microvision, Inc.
• Inventors: Brown, Margaret K., Miller, Joshua O., Holmes, Steve, Jackson, Robert James, Xue, Bin
• Primary Examiner(s): Rahman, Mohammad J
• Application Number:
  US13/282,851
• Publication Number:
  US 20130107000A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,063 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/10 using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves determination of distance by phase measurements G01S17/32
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/42 Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates indirect measurement G01S17/46
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/86 Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 17/89 for mapping or imaging
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4817 relating to scanning
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4861 Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4865 Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak peak detection in noise, signal conditioning G01S7/487
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/4868 Controlling received signal intensity or exposure of sensor

Abstract

Laser light pulses are reflected off a scanning mirror. A time-of-flight distance measurement device receives reflected light pulses and determines distances. The light pulses have abrupt changes in amplitude. Reflected pulses are differentiated to reduce sensitivity to amplitude variations. Differentiated pulses may be compressed to keep the receiver from saturating. Distance measurements are combined with location information to produce a 3D image of a surface.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

a laser light source;

a pulse shaping circuit to drive the laser light source with pulses having an abrupt change in amplitude;

a photodetector to detect reflected light pulses;

a differentiator coupled to the photodetector to differentiate detected pulses;

a compression circuit to compress output signals from the differentiator;

an amplifier to receive compressed signals from the compression circuit and to generate differential output signals;

a detection circuit to detect when the differential output signals cross each other; and

an integrator responsive to the detection circuit for time measurement.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pulse shaping circuit is configured to create triangle shaped pulses.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one scanning mirror to reflect and scan light from the laser light source.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the laser light source produces light in the nonvisible spectrum.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the laser light source produces infrared light.

6. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising at least one laser light source to produce light in the visible spectrum.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising image processing circuitry to modulate the at least one visible laser light source to display an image while measuring distance at multiple points in a field of view.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second photodetector coupled in a reference signal path to compensate for timing variations.

9. An apparatus comprising:

a laser light source;

a pulse shaping circuit to drive the laser light source with pulses having an abrupt change in amplitude;

a photodetector to detect reflected light pulses;

a differentiator coupled to the photodetector to differentiate detected pulses;

an amplifier to receive signals from the differentiator and to generate differential output signals;

a detection circuit to detect when the differential output signals cross each other;

a power control circuit to modify signal gain at an input to the laser light source in response to a first light pulse train; and

an integrator responsive to the detection circuit for time measurement to integrate over a second light pulse train for time measurement.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising at least one scanning mirror to reflect and scan light from the laser light source.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein the laser light source produces light in the nonvisible spectrum.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the laser light source produces infrared light.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 further comprising at least one laser light source to produce light in the visible spectrum.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising image processing circuitry to drive the at least one laser light source to produce light in the visible spectrum to display an image with visible light while performing distance measurements with nonvisible light.

15. A mobile device comprising:

a scanning laser projector having at least one visible laser light source and a scanning mirror; and

a time of flight distance measurement device that includes a nonvisible laser light source to illuminate the scanning mirror with laser light pulses, and that includes a receive signal path that differentiates signals representing reflected laser light pulses, and a power control circuit responsive to the receive signal path;

wherein the power control circuit modifies a power level of a second train of light pulses emitted by the nonvisible laser light source in response to reflections from a first train of light pulses emitted by the nonvisible laser light source.

16. The mobile device of claim 15 wherein the mobile device further comprises a wireless interface.

17. The mobile device of claim 15 wherein the time of flight distance measurement device further includes an amplifier to receive differentiated signals and to generate differential output signals.

18. The mobile device of claim 17 wherein the time of flight distance measurement device further includes a detection circuit to detect when the differential output signals cross each other.

19. The mobile device of claim 18 wherein the time of flight distance measurement device further includes an integrator responsive to the detection circuit for time measurement.

20. The mobile device of claim 16 wherein the scanning mirror is configured to scan in two dimensions.