Optical apparatus and method for expanding an exit pupil

• US 9,753,297 B2
• Filed: 03/04/2010
• Issued: 09/05/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 03/04/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Magic Leap, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nokia Corporation
• Inventors: Saarikko, Pasi, Levola, Tapani
• Primary Examiner(s): Lei, Jie
• Application Number:
  US13/581,847
• Publication Number:
  US 20130314789A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,742 Days
• Field of Search: 35948907, 359558, 359566, 359567, 359569, 359618, 385 11, 385 37
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0081 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0905 Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/283 used for beam splitting or combining
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/42 Diffraction optics , i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effectG02B27/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/44 Grating systems; Zone plate systems G02B27/46 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0038 Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0058 varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide

Abstract

A first optical arrangement is configured to couple into an apparatus a first component of a light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range; a second optical arrangement configured to couple a second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a different second spectral range; a third optical arrangement configured to expand the first component in a first dimension to create an expanded first component; a fourth optical arrangement configured to expand, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create a further expanded first component, and to output the further expanded first component; a fifth optical arrangement configured to expand the second component in the second dimension to create an expanded second component; and a sixth optical arrangement configured to expand, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component, and to output the further expanded second component.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a first optical arrangement configured to couple a first component of a light beam into the apparatus, the first component of the light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range;

a second optical arrangement configured to couple a second component of the light beam into the apparatus, the second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a second spectral range, different to the first spectral range;

a third optical arrangement configured to expand the first component of the light beam in a first dimension to create an expanded first component;

a fourth optical arrangement configured to expand, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create further expanded first component, and configured to output the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus;

a fifth optical arrangement configured to expand the second component of the light beam in the second dimension to create an expanded second component; and

a sixth optical arrangement configured to expand, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component, and configured to output the further expanded second component from the apparatus collinear with the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus;

wherein the expanded first component of the light beam from the fourth optical arrangement and the expanded second component of the light beam from the sixth optical arrangement each comprise light rays that are substantially parallel to each other and are divergent;

wherein the fourth optical arrangement is spaced apart from and aligned with the sixth optical arrangement and separated therefrom;

wherein the sixth optical arrangement is configured to diffract the light beam having a wavelength within the second spectral range and not the light beam having a wavelength within the first spectral range;

wherein grating lines of the fifth optical arrangement are angled with respect to grating lines of the second optical arrangement and grating lines of the sixth optical arrangement; and

wherein grating lines of the third optical arrangement are angled with respect to grating lines of the first optical arrangement and grating lines of the fourth optical arrangement.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus is made from a single substrate.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first optical arrangement is configured to direct the first component of the light beam in a first direction, towards the third optical arrangement.

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first direction has a component in the first dimension and does not have a component in the second dimension.

5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second optical arrangement is configured to direct the second component of the light beam in a second direction, towards the fifth optical arrangement.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second direction has a component in the second dimension but does not have a component in the first dimension.

7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth optical arrangements is a diffraction grating.

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth optical arrangements is a surface relief diffraction grating or a holographic element.

9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first optical arrangement is configured to be more efficient at coupling light, having a wavelength within the first spectral range, into the apparatus than light having a wavelength within the second spectral range.

10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second optical arrangement is configured to be more efficient at coupling light, having a wavelength within the second spectral range, into the apparatus than light having a wavelength within the first spectral range.

11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein there is no overlap between the first spectral range and the second spectral range.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises at least a first face and a second face, and wherein the first, third and fourth optical arrangements are situated on the first face, and the second, fifth and sixth optical arrangements are situated on the second face.

13. A system comprising an apparatus as claimed in claim 1, and an optical engine configured to provide the light beam.

14. A system as claimed in claim 13, further comprising a retarder intermediate the optical engine and the apparatus, wherein each of the first and second components of the light beam comprise polarized light having an electric field confined to a plane of propagation;

and retarder is configured to rotate the electric field of the first component and configured not to rotate the electric field of the second component, or the retarder is configured to rotate the electric field of the second component and configured not to rotate the electric field of the first component.

15. An electronic device comprising the system of claim 13, comprising at least one user input device.

16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fifth optical arrangement is trapezoidal in shape and has two parallel sides of different lengths aligned with a horizontal dimension of the apparatus.

17. A method, comprising:

coupling a first component of a light beam into an exit pupil expander, the first component of the light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range;

coupling a second component of the light beam into the exit pupil expander, the second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a second spectral range, different to the first spectral range;

expanding the first component of the light beam in a first dimension to create an expanded first component;

expanding, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create a further expanded first component;

expanding the second component of the light beam in the second dimension to create an expanded second component;

expanding, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component;

outputting the further expanded first component of the light beam from the exit pupil expander; and

outputting the further expanded second component from the exit pupil expander collinearly with the further expanded first component;

wherein the expanded first component of the light beam and the expanded second component of the light beam each comprise light rays that are substantially parallel to each other and are divergent;

wherein the further expanded first component of the light beam is outputted from the exit pupil expander at a point that is spaced apart from and aligned with a point at which the further expanded second component of the light beam is outputted;

wherein grating lines of a fifth optical arrangement used to expand the second component of the light beam in the second dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of a second optical arrangement used to couple the second component of the light beam into the exit pupil expander and grating lines of a sixth optical arrangement used to expand, in the first dimension, the expanded second component; and

wherein grating lines of a third optical arrangement used to expand the first component of the light beam in the first dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of a first optical arrangement used to couple the first component of the light beam into the exit pupil expander and grating lines of a fourth optical arrangement used to expand, in the second dimension, the expanded first component.

18. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the first component of the light beam is directed in a first direction, towards the third optical arrangement, upon coupling into the exit pupil expander.

19. An method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first direction has a component in the first dimension and does not have a component in the second dimension.

20. A method as claimed in claim 17, the second component of the light beam is directed in a second direction, towards the fifth optical arrangement, upon coupling into the exit pupil expander.

21. A method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the second direction has a component in the second dimension but does not have a component in the first dimension.

22. A method claimed in claim 17, wherein the first and second components of the light beam are expanded by diffraction.

23. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the exit pupil expander comprises a first optical arrangement and a second optical arrangement, and a higher proportion of the first component of the light beam is coupled into the exit pupil expander by the first optical arrangement than by the second optical arrangement.

24. A method as claimed in claim 23, wherein a higher proportion of the second component of the light beam is coupled into the exit pupil expander by the second optical arrangement than by the first optical arrangement.

25. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein there is no overlap between the first spectral range and the second spectral range.

26. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein each of the first and second components of the light beam comprise polarized light having an electric field confined to a plane of propagation;

and;

the electric field of the first component is rotated prior to the first component being coupled into the exit pupil expander, and the electric field of the second component is not rotated prior to the second component being coupled into the exit pupil expander, or

the electric field of the second component is rotated prior to the second component being coupled into the exit pupil expander, and the electric field of the first component is not rotated prior to the first component being coupled into the exit pupil expander.

27. An apparatus, comprising:

means for coupling a first component of a light beam into the apparatus, the first component of the light beam having a wavelength within a first spectral range;

means for coupling a second component of the light beam into the apparatus, the second component of the light beam having a wavelength within a second spectral range, different to the first spectral range;

means for expanding the first component of the light beam in a first dimension to create an expanded first component;

means for expanding, in a second dimension, the expanded first component to create a further expanded first component, and configured to output the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus;

means for expanding the second component of the light beam in the second dimension to create an expanded second component; and

means for expanding, in the first dimension, the expanded second component to create a further expanded second component, and configured to output the further expanded second component from the apparatus collinear with the further expanded first component of the light beam from the apparatus;

wherein the expanded first component of the light beam and the expanded second component of the light beam each comprise light rays that are substantially parallel to each other and are divergent;

wherein the means for expanding the first component of the light beam is spaced apart from and aligned with the means for expanding the second component of the light beam;

wherein the means for expanding the second component is configured to diffract the light beam having a wavelength in the second spectral range and not the light beam having a wavelength in the first spectral range;

wherein grating lines of the means for expanding the second component of the light beam in the second dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of the means for coupling a second component of the light beam into the apparatus and grating lines of the means for expanding, in the first dimension, the expanded second component; and

wherein grating lines of the means for expanding the first component of the light beam in a first dimension are angled with respect to grating lines of the means for coupling a first component of a light beam into the apparatus and grating lines of the means for expanding, in a second dimension, the expanded first component.

28. An apparatus as claimed in claim 27, wherein the apparatus is made from a single substrate.