Method and apparatus for transferring electrical power

• US 9,762,074 B2
• Filed: 11/23/2015
• Issued: 09/12/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 04/02/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Eggtronic Engineering SPA
• Original Assignee: Eggtronic Engineering S.R.L.
• Inventors: Spinella, Igor
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant
• Application Number:
  US14/949,695
• Publication Number:
  US 20160087473A1
• Time in Patent Office: 659 Days
• Field of Search: 363 16- 20, 363 2101, 363 2109, 363 34- 41, 363 46, 363 89, 363 97, 363131, 323207, 323208, 323222, 323225, 323266, 323271, 323282-290
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/05 using capacitive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/70 involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0035 using burst mode control
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0048 Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses using snubbers H02M1/34
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0058 by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero using an auxiliary actively switched resonant commutation circuit connected to an intermediate DC voltage or between two push-pull branches of an inverter bridge H02M7/4811; in resonant inverters H02M7/4815; in inverters operating from a resonant DC source H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/08 Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/005 using Cuk converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33507 with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters H02M3/33561, H02M3/33569 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/3385 with automatic control of output voltage or current H02M3/33561 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A method and an apparatus for transferring electric power to an electrical load (105); the method includes steps of: converting a direct electric current into an electric tension wave, applying the electric tension wave in inlet to at least a couple of electric capacitors (125, 130); supplying the electrical load (105) with the electric tension in outlet from the capacitors (125, 130).

Claims

1. A method for transferring electric power to an electrical load (105), comprising steps of:

converting an direct electric current into an electric tension wave,

applying the electric tension wave in inlet to at least a couple of electric capacitors (125, 130) including a first electric capacitor (125) and a second electric capacitor (130),

supplying the electrical load (105) with the electric tension in outlet from the capacitors (125, 130),

wherein the conversion step comprises;

alternatingly switching a single active switch (155) on and off, and

lowering electrical power dissipated by the active switch (155) to a substantially nil value during each transition step of the active switch (155).

2. The method of claim 1, comprising a further step of:

rectifying the electric tension wave in outlet from the first and second electric capacitors (125,130).

3. The method of claim 1, comprising steps of:

preventing one or more switching on and off cycles of the active switch (155).

4. The method of claim 3, wherein a regulating of the electrical power transferred is performed with a feedback control which comprises the steps of:

measuring the electrical power transferred to the electrical load,

calculating the difference between the electrical power measured and the predetermined reference value, and

regulating the number and/or the frequency of the switching on and off cycles inhibited, such as to minimize the difference.

5. The method of claim 1, comprising a deviation step of:

temporarily deviating the electric tension wave onto an electrical line in parallel to the electrical load (105), wherein the electric line comprises a second active switch (190) and a third capacitor (185) connected in series with the second active switch and having a capacitor value that is sufficiently high to be considered a short-circuit with respect to the electrical load, when the second active switch is switched on.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein a regulating of the electrical power transferred is performed with a feedback control comprising the steps of:

measuring the electrical power transferred to the electrical load,

calculating the difference between the measured electrical power and the predetermined reference value, and

regulating the duration of the deviation step and/or the frequency with which the deviation step is eventually repeated, such as to minimize the difference.

7. The method of claim 1, comprising a step of:

regulating the direct electric current.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the direct electric current is obtained via a step of rectifying an alternating electric current.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first armature (325) of each of the first and second electric capacitors (125, 130) is installed on a user device (305), while the second armature (320) of each of the first and second electric capacitors (125, 130) is installed on a supply device (300) separate and independent of the user device (305), and wherein the method comprises nearing the user device (305) to the supply device (300) such that the first armature (325) installed on the user device (305) and the second armature (320) installed in the supply device (300) realize the first and second electric capacitors (125, 130).

10. An apparatus (100) for transferring electric power to an electrical load (105), comprising:

at least a pair of electric capacitors (125, 130) including a first electric capacitor (125) and a second electric capacitor (130),

converter means (135) for converting a direct electric tension into an electric tension wave,

means for applying the electric tension wave in inlet to the capacitors (125, 130),

means for supplying the electrical load (105) with the electric tension in outlet from the pair of electric capacitors,

wherein the converter means (135) comprise a switching circuit comprising;

a single active switch (155),

means (160) for generating an electrical pilot signal suitable for switching the active switch (155) on and off, and

a reactive circuit (145) set up such as to lower electrical power dissipated by the active switch (155) to a substantially nil value, during each transition step of the active switch (155).

11. The apparatus of claim 10, comprising:

means (140) for rectifying the electric tension wave in outlet from the capacitors (125, 130).

12. An apparatus (100) according to claim 10, wherein the converter means (135) comprise:

a first inductor (150) connected in series with a DC tension source (110) and with the active switch (155), said active switch (155) having a first end connected with the output terminal of the first inductor (150), and a second end connected in short circuit with the DC tension source (110), and a piloting head connected with a driver (160),

a third capacitor (165) connected in series with the first inductor (150) and in parallel with the active switch (155), the output terminal of said further capacitor (165) being connected in short circuit with the DC tension source (110), via an electrical branch to which the active switch (155) and the second isolation capacitor (130) are also connected.

13. The apparatus (100) of claim 12, wherein the converter means (135) comprise a second inductor (170) connected in series with both the first inductor (150) and the first isolation capacitor (125), and connected in parallel with both the active switch (155) and the third capacitor (165).

14. The apparatus (100) of claim 10, wherein the reactive circuit (145) is configured as a passband filter for the electric tension wave, and is set up so as to pass one or more of the fundamental frequencies of the electric tension wave chosen among the group constituted by:

the first fundamental frequency of the electric tension wave, the third fundamental frequency of the electric tension, or other odd harmonics of a higher order.

15. The apparatus (100) of claim 10, comprising control means (160) for controlling the electrical pilot signal, the control means being configured for:

suspending the generating of the electrical pilot signal, such as to prevent one or more consecutive switching on and off cycles of the active switch (155).

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the control means are configured such as:

measuring, using appropriate sensors, an electric parameter characteristic of the electric power transferred to the electrical load (105),

calculating the difference between the measurement of the electrical parameter characteristic of the electric power and the predetermined reference value, and

regulating the number and/or the frequency of switching-on and off cycles which are inhibited, such as to minimize the difference.

17. The apparatus (100) of claim 10, comprising:

means (185, 190) for temporarily deviating the electric tension wave onto an electrical line in parallel to the electrical load (105)

wherein the means for deviating the electric tension wave comprise a second active switch (190), a third electric capacitor (185) arranged in series to the second active switch (190) along the electric line, and means for generating an electrical pilot signal for switching on and off the second active switch (190) alternatingly, the third electric capacitor (185) having a sufficiently high value to be considered as a short circuit with respect to the electrical load (105), when the second active switch is on.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, comprising a control circuit configured for:

measuring an electric parameter characteristic of the electric power transferred to the electrical load (105),

calculating the difference between the measurement of the electric parameter characteristic of the electric power and the predetermined reference value, and

regulating the duty-cycle of the electric pilot signal of the second active switch, such as to minimize the difference.

19. The apparatus (100) of claim 10, comprising:

means (200) for regulating the direct electric tension.

20. The apparatus (100) of claim 10, comprising:

means (111) for rectifying an alternating electrical current in order to obtain the direct electric tension.

21. The apparatus (100) of claim 10, wherein each of the capacitors (125, 130) is a pre-assembled component, and wherein the capacitors (125, 130) are installed in a same device (250).

22. The apparatus (100) of claim 10, comprising a user device (305) and a supply device (300) separate and independent of the user device (305), wherein the user device (305) comprises a first armature (320) of each of the capacitors (125, 130), while the supply device (300) comprises the second armature (320) of each of the capacitors (125, 130).