Anaphora resolution for semantic tagging

• US 9,805,024 B2
• Filed: 07/20/2016
• Issued: 10/31/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 08/02/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. (American Express Company)
• Original Assignee: American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. (American Express Company)
• Inventors: Chelst, Azriel, Guenigault, Nicola J., Powell, Jordan Rhys
• Primary Examiner(s): Thomas-Homescu, Anne T
• Application Number:
  US15/215,398
• Publication Number:
  US 20160328378A1
• Time in Patent Office: 468 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/14 Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/10 Text processing natural language analysis G06F40/20; semantic analysis G06F40/30; processing or translation of natural language G06F40/40
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/117 Tagging; Marking up details of markup languages G06F40/143; Designating a block; Setting of attributes style sheets, e.g. eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation [XSLT], G06F40/154
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/131 Fragmentation of text files, e.g. creating reusable text-blocks; Linking to fragments, e.g. using XInclude; Namespaces
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/194 Calculation of difference between files
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/211 Syntactic parsing, e.g. based on context-free grammar [CFG] or unification grammars
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/253 Grammatical analysis; Style critique
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/284 Lexical analysis, e.g. tokenisation or collocates
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/295 Named entity recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/30 Semantic analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/35 Discourse or dialogue representation

Abstract

A semantic tagging method may add context to a sentence in order to increase search efficiency. Regardless of an author'"'"'s writing style, translating semantic concepts into tags may increase search efficiency. Automatic semantic tagging of documents may allow semantic search and reasoning. Text for semantic tagging may include an email, a website chat room, an internet forum, or a text message. Additional texts may include aggregating general consensus of an emailed topic across multiple emails, whether in the same email chain or separate emails. To increase search efficiency, the analysis of prior communications within the body of text may comprise analyzing structured contextual information to facilitate with homophora resolution. The structured contextual information may include at least one of a sender email address, one or more recipient email addresses, a subject field, a message date and time stamp, and an attachment title.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

tokenizing, by a computer-based system, a body of text by splitting the body of text into individual tokens;

weighting, by the computer-based system and based on the tokenizing, the individual tokens having a pronoun grammatical role based on structured contextual information;

analyzing, by the computer-based system, the structured contextual information to facilitate a homophora resolution;

integrating, by the computer-based system and in response to the analyzing and in response to the weighting of the individual tokens, the homophora resolution into an anaphora resolution algorithm by substituting the structured contextual information into the body of text to create a substituted body of text;

translating, by the computer-based system and based on the integrating, semantic concepts of the substituted body of text into one or more semantic tags;

conducting, by the computer-based system, in response to the translating and using the one or more semantic tags, semantic reasoning to facilitate pattern identification within a group of documents,

analyzing, by the computer-based system and based on semantic reasoning and using the one or more semantic tags, implied relationships of the text within the group of documents to identify a specific topic; and

displaying, by the computer-based system to a user interface, the specific identified topic of the substituted body of text.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising parsing, by the computer-based system, the body of text by determining a language and structure of the body of text.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the computer-based system, known format of the body of the text.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the body of text is an electronic text and is one of an email, a website chat room, an internet forum, or a text message.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein a known format of the body of text is based on a data source from which the body of text was received.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating, by the computer-based system and based on the tokenizing, a tagged body of text.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the generating comprises assigning each individual token a part-of-speech tag indicating a grammatical role of the individual token.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying, by the computer-based system, the structured contextual information based on a known format of the body of text.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising resolving, by the computer-based system and based on the tokenizing, the individual tokens having the pronoun grammatical role with corresponding noun phrases.

10. The method of claim 6, further comprising splitting, by the computer-based system, the tagged body of text into grammatical chunks.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining, by the computer-based system, a context and purpose of the body of text.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising identifying, by the computer-based system and in response to the translating, one or more communication topics and presuppositions of the body of text.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the identifying the one or more communication topics and presuppositions comprises analysis of prior communications within the body of text to facilitate the tokenizing the body of text.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the analysis of prior communications within the body of text comprises the analyzing the structured contextual information to facilitate the homophora resolution.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the pattern identification is based on at least one of progress or consensus of the substituted body of text within the group of documents.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the tokenizing further comprises splitting the body of text into sentences, and further splitting each sentence into words and punctuation.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the structured contextual information includes at least one of a sender email address, one or more recipient email addresses, a subject field, a message date and time stamp, or an attachment title.

18. An article of manufacture including a non-transitory, tangible computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a computer-based system, cause the computer-based system to perform operations comprising:

tokenizing, by the computer-based system, a body of text by splitting the body of text into individual tokens;

weighting, by the computer-based system and based on the tokenizing, the individual tokens having a pronoun grammatical role based on structured contextual information;

analyzing, by the computer-based system, the structured contextual information to facilitate a homophora resolution;

integrating, by the computer-based system and in response to the analyzing and in response to the weighting of the individual tokens, the homophora resolution into an anaphora resolution algorithm by substituting the structured contextual information into the body of text to create a substituted body of text;

translating, by the computer-based system and based on the integrating, semantic concepts of the substituted body of text into one or more semantic tags;

conducting, by the computer-based system, in response to the translating and using the one or more semantic tags, semantic reasoning to facilitate pattern identification within a group of documents,

analyzing, by the computer-based system and based on semantic reasoning and using the one or more semantic tags, implied relationships of the text within the group of documents to identify a specific topic; and

displaying, by the computer-based system and to a user interface, the specific identified topic of the substituted body of text.

19. A system comprising:

a tangible, non-transitory memory communicating with a processor,

the tangible, non-transitory memory having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising;

tokenizing, by the processor, a body of text by splitting the body of text into individual tokens;

weighting, by the processor and based on the tokenizing, the individual tokens having a pronoun grammatical role based on structured contextual information;

analyzing, by the processor, the structured contextual information to facilitate a homophora resolution;

integrating, by the processor and in response to the analyzing and in response to the weighting of the individual tokens, the homophora resolution into an anaphora resolution algorithm by substituting the structured contextual information into the body of text to create a substituted body of text;

translating, by the processor and based on the integrating, semantic concepts of the substituted body of text into one or more semantic tags;

conducting, by the processor, in response to the translating and using the one or more semantic tags, semantic reasoning to facilitate pattern identification within a group of documents,

analyzing, by the processor and based on semantic reasoning and using the one or more semantic tags, implied relationships of the text within the group of documents to identify a specific topic; and

displaying, by the processor and to a user interface, the specific identified topic of the substituted body of text.