Lithium ion batteries including stabilized lithium composite particles

• US 9,843,043 B2
• Filed: 02/06/2015
• Issued: 12/12/2017
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Corning Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Corning Incorporated
• Inventors: Gadkaree, Kishor Purushottam, Liu, Xiaorong
• Primary Examiner(s): Amponsah, Osei
• Application Number:
  US14/615,483
• Publication Number:
  US 20150228978A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,040 Days
• Field of Search: 429199-23195
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/16 Metallic particles coated with a non-metal coated with lubricating or binding agents or with organic material B22F1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 7/04 with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/058 Construction or manufacture
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/42 Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells H01M10/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/20 Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/30 Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0409 by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/0471 involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/13 Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/134 Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/136 Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1393 of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1395 of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/1397 of electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/366 as layered products
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/382 Lithium H01M4/405 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/405 Alloys based on lithium
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/505 : of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/5825 : Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/587 : for inserting or intercalating light metals
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/443 : Particulate material
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/449 : having a layered structure
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/489 : Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/50 : Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49115 : including coating or impregnating

Abstract

A lithium ion battery having a cathode and an anode, the cathode includes a material having an olivine or spinel structure, the anode includes a coating of a composite lithium powder coated with a complex lithium salt, such as LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiAsF₆, LiF₃SO₃, and mixtures thereof. A separator is disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in contact with the cathode, the anode, and the separator. The anode can include a carbon material. A layer of a composite lithium powder coated with a complex lithium salt can be disposed between the anode and the separator.

Claims

1. A lithium ion battery comprising:

a cathode comprising a material comprising an olivine or spinel structure; and

an anode comprising a graphite or hard carbon material and having a coating, the coating comprising a composite lithium powder comprising a lithium metal powder core coated with a complex lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiAsF₆, LiF₃SO₃, and mixtures thereof that surrounds and encapsulates the core.

2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the material of the cathode comprises LiMnO₄.

3. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the material of the cathode comprises LiFePO₄.

4. The battery according to claim 1, further comprising:

a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein a layer of the composite lithium powder is disposed between the anode and the separator.

5. The battery according to claim 1, further comprising:

a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprising a complex lithium salt.

6. The battery according to claim 1, further comprising an electrolyte solution in contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the electrolyte solution at least partially dissolves the coating such that a chemical composition of the electrolyte solution before partially dissolving the coating is substantially similar to a chemical composition of the electrolyte solution after dissolving the coating.

7. A battery comprising:

a cathode comprising a material having an olivine or spinel structure;

an anode comprising a carbon material;

a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein a layer of a composite lithium powder comprising a lithium metal powder core coated with a complex lithium salt selected from the group consisting of LiPF₆, LiBF₄, LiClO₄, LiAsF₆, LiF₃SO₃, and mixtures thereof that surrounds and encapsulates the core is disposed between the anode and the separator; and

a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in contact with the cathode, the anode, and the separator.

8. The battery according to claim 7, wherein the carbon material of the anode comprises graphite carbon.

9. The battery according to claim 8, wherein the material of the cathode comprises LiMnO₄.

10. The battery according to claim 9, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises a LiPF₆ salt.

11. The battery according to claim 8, wherein the material of the cathode comprises LiFePO₄.

12. The battery according to claim 11, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte solution comprises a LiPF₆ salt.