Optimal multilevel sensing for reading data from a storage medium

• US 9,870,830 B1
• Filed: 03/14/2013
• Issued: 01/16/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: SanDisk Technologies LLC (Western Digital Corporation)
• Original Assignee: SanDisk Technologies LLC (Western Digital Corporation)
• Inventors: Jeon, Seungjune
• Primary Examiner(s): Zarabian, Amir
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mancera, Jr., Roberto
• Application Number:
  US13/831,133
• Time in Patent Office: 1,769 Days
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/1072 in multilevel memories
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 11/5642 Sensing or reading circuits; Data output circuits
• CPC Class Codes: G11C 16/3459 Circuits or methods to verify correct programming of nonvolatile memory cells

Abstract

Systems, methods and/or devices that enhance the reliability with which data can be stored in and read from a memory utilize an error indicator, obtained from using one reading threshold voltage for decoding, to adaptively determine the reading threshold voltage(s) used for subsequent decoding attempts. For example, in some implementations, the method includes initiating performance of a first read operation, using a first reading threshold voltage, to obtain a first error indicator, and further includes initiating performance of a second set of additional read operations using two or more second reading threshold voltages, the second reading threshold voltages determined in accordance with the first error indicator, to obtain a second error indicator. In some embodiments, when the first error indicator is greater than a first threshold, a difference between two of the second reading threshold voltages is greater than when the first error indicator is less than a first threshold.

Claims

1. A method of reading from a storage medium, the method comprising:

receiving a host read command specifying an address or location in the storage medium from which to read data;

in response to receiving the host read command specifying the address or location in the storage medium from which to read the data;

initiating performance of a first read operation in accordance with the address or location, using a first reading threshold voltage, to obtain a first error indicator value for the first read operation by decoding data obtained from the first read operation;

in accordance with a determination that the first read operation is successful, returning, as a response to the host read command, decoded data produced by said decoding; and

in accordance with a determination that the first read operation is unsuccessful;

determining, in accordance with the first error indicator value for the first read operation, second reading threshold voltages, wherein when the first error indicator value for the first read operation is greater than a first threshold, a difference between two of the second reading threshold voltages is greater than a difference between the two second reading threshold voltages that is determined when the first error indicator value for the first read operation is less than the first threshold; and

initiating performance of a second set of additional read operations in accordance with the address or location using the two second reading threshold voltages to obtain a second error indicator value for the second set of additional read operations by decoding data obtained from the second set of additional read operations using the two second reading threshold voltages.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

initiating performance of a third set of additional read operations using two or more third reading threshold voltages, the third reading threshold voltages determined in accordance with the first error indicator value for the first read operation, the second error indicator value for the second set of additional read operations, or a combination of the first error indicator value and the second error indicator value, to obtain a third error indicator value for the third set of additional read operations.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the second error indicator value for the second set of additional read operations is based at least in part on a bit error count, the method further comprising setting a set of default reading threshold voltages to the third reading threshold voltages.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the first error indicator value for the first read operation is based at least in part on a syndrome weight for the first read operation; and

the difference between the two second reading threshold voltages is based on a magnitude of the first error indicator value for the first read operation.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first error indicator value for the first read operation is based at least in part on a bit error count, the method further comprising setting a set of default reading threshold voltages to the second reading threshold voltages.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the two second reading threshold voltages are different from the first reading threshold voltage.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the two second reading threshold voltages is the same as the first reading threshold voltage.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the storage medium comprises one or more flash memory devices.

9. A device operable to read from a storage medium, comprising:

a storage medium interface for coupling the device to the storage medium; and

one or more modules, including a memory management module that includes one or more processors and memory storing one or more programs configured for execution by the one or more processors, the one or more modules coupled to the storage medium interface and configured to;

receive a host read command specifying an address or location in the storage medium from which to read data;

in response to receiving the host read command, specify the address or location in the storage medium from which to read the data;

initiate performance of a first read operation in accordance with the address or location, using a first reading threshold voltage, to obtain a first error indicator value for the first read operation by decoding data obtained from the first read operation;

in accordance with a determination that the first read operation is successful, returning, as a response to the host read command, decoded data produced by said decoding; and

in accordance with a determination that the first read operation is unsuccessful;

determine, in accordance with the first error indicator value for the first read operation, second reading threshold voltages, wherein when the first error indicator value for the first read operation is greater than a first threshold, a difference between two of the second reading threshold voltages is greater than a difference between the two second reading threshold voltages that is determined when the first error indicator value for the first read operation is less than the first threshold; and

initiate performance of a second set of additional read operations in accordance with the address or location, using the two second reading threshold voltages to obtain a second error indicator value for the second set of additional read operations by decoding data obtained from the second set of additional read operations using the two second reading threshold voltages.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the memory management module is further configured to initiate performance of a third set of additional read operations using two or more third reading threshold voltages, the third reading threshold voltages determined in accordance with the first error indicator value for the first read operation, the second error indicator value for the second set of additional read operations, or a combination of the first error indicator value and the second error indicator value, to obtain a third error indicator value for the third set of additional read operations.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the second error indicator value for the second set of additional read operations is based at least in part on a bit error count, the memory management module further configured to set a set of default reading threshold voltages to the third reading threshold voltages.

12. The device of claim 9, wherein:

the first error indicator value for the first read operation is based at least in part on a syndrome weight; and

the difference between the two second reading threshold voltages is based on a magnitude of the first error indicator value for the first read operation.

13. The device of claim 9, wherein the first error indicator value for the first read operation is based at least in part on a bit error count, the memory management module further configured to set a set of default reading threshold voltages to the second reading threshold voltages.

14. The device of claim 9, wherein the two second reading threshold voltages are different from the first reading threshold voltage.

15. The device of claim 9, wherein at least one of the two second reading threshold voltages is the same as the first reading threshold voltage.

16. A device operable to read from a storage medium, comprising:

a storage medium interface for coupling the device to the storage medium;

means for receiving a host read command specifying an address or location in the storage medium from which to read data;

means for initiating performance of a first read operation in accordance with the address or location, using a first reading threshold voltage, to obtain a first error indicator value for the first read operation by decoding data obtained from the first read operation; and

means for determining, in accordance with a determination that the first read operation is unsuccessful and in accordance with the first error indicator value for the first read operation, second reading threshold voltages, wherein when the first error indicator value for the first read operation is greater than a first threshold, a difference between two of the second reading threshold voltages is greater than a difference between the two second reading threshold voltages that is determined when the first error indicator value for the first read operation is less than the first threshold;

wherein the means for initiating performance of the first read operation is further configured to initiate, in accordance with the determination that the first read operation is unsuccessful, performance of a second set of additional read operations in accordance with the address or location, using the two second reading threshold voltages to obtain a second error indicator value for the second set of additional read operations by decoding data obtained from the second set of additional read operations using the two second reading threshold voltages.