Systems and methods for assigning groups of antenas of a wireless power transmitter to different wireless power receivers, and determining effective phases to use for wirelessly transmitting power using the assigned groups of antennas

• US 9,900,057 B2
• Filed: 12/29/2014
• Issued: 02/20/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 07/06/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Energous Corporation
• Original Assignee: Energous Corporation
• Inventors: Leabman, Michael A., Brewer, Gregory Scott
• Primary Examiner(s): BARNIE, REXFORD N
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ly, Xuan
• Application Number:
  US14/584,061
• Publication Number:
  US 20160099757A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,149 Days
• Field of Search: 307104
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/001 Energy harvesting or scavenging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/20 using microwaves or radio frequency waves
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/23 characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00045 Authentication, i.e. circuits for checking compatibility between one component, e.g. a battery or a battery charger, and another component, e.g. a power source
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 for data transfer in combination with power transfer

Abstract

The embodiments described herein include a transmitter that transmits a power transmission signal (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signal waves) to create a three-dimensional pocket of energy. At least one receiver can be connected to or integrated into electronic devices and receive power from the pocket of energy. The transmitter can locate the at least one receiver in a three-dimensional space using a communication medium (e.g., Bluetooth technology). The transmitter generates a waveform to create a pocket of energy around each of the at least one receiver. The transmitter uses an algorithm to direct, focus, and control the waveform in three dimensions. The receiver can convert the transmission signals (e.g., RF signals) into electricity for powering an electronic device. Accordingly, the embodiments for wireless power transmission can allow powering and charging a plurality of electrical devices without wires.

Claims

1. A method for wireless power transmission, the method comprising:

receiving by a transmitter that includes a communications component, a plurality of antennas and a controller;

via the communications component, a first control signal from a first electronic device coupled to a first receiver, the first control signal comprising information used to identify a location of the first electronic device, and

via the communications component, a second control signal from a second electronic device coupled to a second receiver, the second control signal comprising information used to identify a location of the second electronic device;

assigning, by the controller of the transmitter, (i) a first group of the plurality of antennas of the transmitter to the first electronic device and (ii) a second group of the plurality of antennas to the second electronic device, wherein the first and second groups of antennas are distinct;

determining, by the controller of the transmitter;

a first effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the first electronic device, and

a second effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the second electronic device; and

transmitting;

via the first group of the plurality of antennas, power transmission signals to the location of the first electronic device using the first effective waveform feature; and

via the second group of the plurality of antennas, power transmission signals to the location of the second electronic device using the second effective waveform feature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitting includes:

substantially simultaneously transmitting power transmission signals via the first group of the plurality of antennas and the second group of the plurality of antennas, or

alternating between transmitting power transmission signals via the first group of the plurality of antennas and the second group of the plurality of the antennas.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the effective waveform feature comprises phase, gain, amplitude, magnitude, or direction.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the second control signal is received after the first control signal, and

the second group of antennas is assigned to the second electronic device after the first group of antennas is assigned to the first electronic device.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining, by the transmitter, of the first effective waveform feature comprises:

transmitting, by the transmitter to the first receiver, a first power transmission signal using a first waveform feature from a first antenna of the first group of plurality of antennas to the location of the first electronic device;

receiving, by the transmitter from the first receiver, first voltage level data based on the first power transmission signal;

transmitting, by the transmitter to the first receiver, a second power transmission signal using a second waveform feature from the first antenna of the first group of plurality of antennas to the location of the first electronic device;

receiving, by the transmitter from the first receiver, second voltage level data based on the second power transmission signal; and

determining whether to use the first waveform feature or the second waveform feature as a first effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the location of the first electronic device based on comparing the first voltage level data to the second voltage level data.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining, by the transmitter, of the second waveform feature comprises:

transmitting, by the transmitter to the second receiver, a third power transmission signal using a third waveform feature from a first antenna of the second group of plurality of antennas to the location of the second electronic device;

receiving, by the transmitter from the second receiver, third voltage level data based on the third power transmission signal;

transmitting, by the transmitter to the first receiver, a fourth power transmission signal using a second waveform feature from the first antenna of the second group of plurality of antennas of to the location of the second electronic device;

receiving, by the transmitter from the first receiver, second voltage level data based on the fourth power transmission signal; and

determining whether to use the third waveform feature or the fourth waveform feature as a second effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the location of the second electronic device based on comparing the third voltage level data to the fourth voltage level data.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein:

the first waveform feature is used as the first effective waveform feature when the comparing of the first voltage level data to the second voltage data indicates that a greater amount of power was delivered to the first electronic device from the first power transmission signal as compared to a level of power delivered to the first electronic device from the second power transmission signal, and

the third waveform feature is used as the second effective waveform feature when the comparing of the third voltage level data to the fourth voltage data indicates that a greater amount of power was delivered to the second electronic device from the third power transmission signal as compared to a level of power delivered to the second electronic device from the fourth power transmission signal.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications component receives the first and second control signals using a wireless communication protocol selected from a group consisting of:

BLUETOOTH, BLUETOOTH Low Energy, WI-FI, frequency modulated (FM) radio, near-field communication (NFC), and ZIGBEE.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein both the information used to identify the location of the first electronic device and the information used to identify the second electronic device comprise received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or global positioning system (GPS) data.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the controller of the transmitter includes a microprocessor that is operatively coupled with the communications component and with circuitry for controlling the plurality of antennas.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antennas are flat antennas, patch antennas, or dipole antennas.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of antennas are configured to operate in frequency bands of approximately 900 MHz, 2.5 GHz, or 5.8 GHz.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of antennas is vertically polarized, horizontally polarized, circularly polarized, left-hand polarized, or right-hand polarized.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the power transmission signals are of a type that is selected from a group consisting of:

electromagnetic waves, ultrasound waves, and magnetic resonance.

15. A transmitter for wireless power transmission comprising:

a plurality of antennas configured to transmit power transmission signals;

a communications component configured to receive;

a first control signal from a first electronic device coupled to a first receiver, the first control signal comprising information used to identify a location of the first electronic device, and

a second control signal from a second electronic device coupled to a second receiver, the second control signal comprising information used to identify a location of the second electronic device;

a controller, operatively coupled with the communications component and circuitry for controlling the plurality of antennas, the controller configured to;

assign (i) a first group of the plurality of antennas of the transmitter to the first electronic device and (ii) a second group of the plurality of antennas to the second electronic device, wherein the first and second groups of antennas are distinct;

determine, by the controller of the transmitter;

a first effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the first electronic device, and

a second effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the second electronic device; and

cause transmission;

via the first group of the plurality of antennas, of power transmission signals to the location of the first electronic device using the first effective waveform feature; and

via the second group of the plurality of antennas, of power transmission signals to the location of the second electronic device using the second effective waveform feature.

16. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the transmitter is further configured to:

substantially simultaneously transmit power transmission signals via the first group of the plurality of antennas and the second group of the plurality of antennas, or

alternate between transmitting power transmission signals via the first group of the plurality of antennas and the second group of the plurality of the antennas.

17. The transmitter of claim 16, wherein the effective waveform feature comprises phase, gain, amplitude, magnitude, or direction.

18. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the transmitter is further configured to:

receive the second control signal after the first control signal, and

assign the second group of antennas to the second electronic device after assigning the first group of antennas to the first electronic device.

19. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the transmitter is further configured to:

transmit, to the first receiver, a first power transmission signal using a first waveform feature from a first antenna of the first group of plurality of antennas to the location of the first electronic device;

receive, from the first receiver, first voltage level data based on the first power transmission signal;

transmit, to the first receiver, a second power transmission signal using a second waveform feature from the first antenna of the first group of plurality of antennas to the location of the first electronic device;

receive, from the first receiver, second voltage level data based on the second power transmission signal; and

determine whether to use the first waveform feature or the second waveform feature as a first effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the location of the first electronic device based on comparing the first voltage level data to the second voltage level data.

20. The transmitter of claim 19, wherein the transmitter is further configured to:

transmit, to the second receiver, a third power transmission signal using a third waveform feature from a first antenna of the second group of plurality of antennas to the location of the second electronic device;

receive, from the second receiver, third voltage level data based on the third power transmission signal;

transmit, to the first receiver, a fourth power transmission signal using a second waveform feature from the first antenna of the second group of plurality of antennas of to the location of the second electronic device;

receive, from the first receiver, second voltage level data based on the fourth power transmission signal; and

determine whether to use the third waveform feature or the fourth waveform feature as a second effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the location of the second electronic device based on comparing the third voltage level data to the fourth voltage level data.

21. The transmitter of claim 20, wherein the transmitter is further configured to:

use the first waveform feature as the first effective waveform feature when the comparing of the first voltage level data to the second voltage data indicates that a greater amount of power was delivered to the first electronic device from the first power transmission signal as compared to a level of power delivered to the first electronic device from the second power transmission signal, and

use the third waveform feature as the second effective waveform feature when the comparing of the third voltage level data to the fourth voltage data indicates that a greater amount of power was delivered to the second electronic device from the third power transmission signal as compared to a level of power delivered to the second electronic device from the fourth power transmission signal.

22. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the communications component is configured to receive the first and second control signals using a wireless communication protocol selected from a group:

consisting of;

BLUETOOTH, BLUETOOTH Low Energy, WI-FI, frequency modulated (FM) radio, near-field communication (NFC), and ZIGBEE.

23. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein both the information used to identify the location of the first electronic device and the information used to identify the location of second electronic device comprise signal strength indicator (RSSI) or global positioning system (GPS).

24. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the controller of the transmitter includes a microprocessor that is operatively coupled with the communications component and with circuitry for controlling the plurality of antennas.

25. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the plurality of antennas are flat antennas, patch antennas, or dipole antennas.

26. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the plurality of antennas are configured to operate in frequency bands of approximately 900 MHz, 2.5 GHz, or 5.8 GHz.

27. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein each of the plurality of antennas is vertically polarized, horizontally polarized, circularly polarized, left-hand polarized, or right-hand polarized.

28. The transmitter of claim 15, wherein the power transmission signals are of a type that is selected from a group consisting of:

electromagnetic waves, ultrasound waves, and magnetic resonance.

29. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, storing one or more programs configured for execution by one or more processors of a transmitter that includes a communications component, a plurality of antennas and a controller, the one or more programs including instructions that when executed by the one or more processors cause the transmitter to:

receive;

via the communications component, a first control signal from a first electronic device coupled to a first receiver, the first control signal comprising information used to identify a location of the first electronic device, and

via the communications component, a second control signal from a second electronic device coupled to a second receiver, the second control signal comprising information used to identify a location of the second electronic device;

assign, by the controller, (i) a first group of the plurality of antennas of the transmitter to the first electronic device and (ii) a second group of the plurality of antennas to the second electronic device, wherein the first and second groups of antennas are distinct;

determine, by the controller;

a first effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the first electronic device, and

a second effective waveform feature for transmitting power transmission signals to the second electronic device; and

transmit;

via the first group of the plurality of antennas, power transmission signals to the location of the first electronic device using the first effective waveform feature; and

via the second group of the plurality of antennas, power transmission signals to the location of the second electronic device using the second effective waveform feature.