Electrochromic devices having reduced switching times and their methods of manufacture

• US 9,939,703 B1
• Filed: 09/20/2016
• Issued: 04/10/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 09/29/2015
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Nguyen, Que Anh S.
• Primary Examiner(s): CHOI, WILLIAM C
• Application Number:
  US15/270,698
• Time in Patent Office: 567 Days
• Field of Search: 359265-275
• CPC Class Codes: B05D 3/06 by exposure to radiation B05D3/02 takes precedence ; plasma treatment B05D3/141
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/134309 characterised by their geometrical arrangement
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/153 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/155 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/163 Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2001/1555 Counter electrode

Abstract

Electrochromic devices having reduced switching times and their methods of manufacturing are presented. In one instance, the electrochromic device includes a transparent substrate having a surface. A first transparent conductive layer is disposed on a portion of the surface. The electrochromic device also includes an optically active layer disposed on the first transparent conductive layer. The optically active layer is configured to alter optical properties in response to an applied electric field. A second transparent conductive layer is disposed on the optically active layer. The electrochromic device additionally includes a patterned conductive layer disposed on the second transparent conductive layer and defining an array on the second transparent conductive layer. The array partitions the electrochromic device into a plurality of electrochromic cells. Other electrochromic devices and methods are presented.

Claims

1. An electrochromic device comprising:

a transparent substrate having a surface;

a first transparent conductive layer disposed on a portion of the surface;

an optically active layer disposed on the first transparent conductive layer, the optically active layer configured to alter an optical property in response to an applied electric field;

a second transparent conductive layer disposed on the optically active layer; and

a patterned conductive layer disposed on the second transparent conductive layer and defining an array;

wherein the array partitions the electrochromic device into a plurality of electrochromic cells.

2. The electrochromic device of claim 1, further comprising a transparent layer, a portion of which forms an interface with the patterned conductive layer.

3. The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the patterned conductive layer is a first patterned conductive layer and further comprising a second patterned conductive layer disposed on the first transparent conductive layer;

and

wherein the first patterned conductive layer and the second patterned conductive layer define the array.

4. The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the optical property is selected from an absorption spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and a reflection spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.

5. The electrochromic device of claim 1, further comprising:

a power distribution circuit electrically coupled to the first transparent conductive layer and the patterned conductive layer;

the power distribution circuit configured to allow electrical power to selectively flow to individual cells in the plurality of electrochromic cells.

6. The electrochromic device of claim 5, further comprising an electrical power source coupled to the power distribution circuit.

7. The electrochromic device of claim 5, wherein the power distribution circuit comprises an electrical switch, the electrical switch configured to regulate electrical power flowing to the individual cells in the plurality of electrochromic cells.

8. The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the optically active layer comprises an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and an ion storage layer.

9. The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the patterned conductive layer comprises a metal selected from copper, aluminum, silver, and gold.

10. The electrochromic device of claim 1, wherein the patterned conductive layer comprises a polymer material having a resistivity lower than 10⁻

3 Ω

-cm.

11. An electrochromic device comprising:

a glass substrate having a surface;

a first transparent conductive layer disposed on a portion of the surface;

an optically active layer disposed on the first transparent conductive layer and having an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and an ion storage layer therein, the electrochromic layer configured to alter an absorption spectrum of electromagnetic radiation in response to an applied electric field;

a second transparent conductive layer disposed on the optically active layer;

a patterned conductive layer disposed on the second transparent conductive layer and defining an array; and

a glass superstrate having a portion bonded onto the patterned conductive layer;

wherein the array partitions the electrochromic device into a plurality of electrochromic cells.

12. The electrochromic device of claim 11,

wherein the patterned conductive layer is a first patterned conductive layer, and further comprising a second patterned conductive layer disposed on the first transparent conductive layer;

and

wherein the first patterned conductive layer and the second patterned conductive layer define the array.

13. The electrochromic device of claim 11, wherein the patterned conductive layer comprises a metal selected from copper, aluminum, silver, and gold.

14. The electrochromic device of claim 11, wherein the patterned conductive layer comprises a polymer material having a resistivity lower than 10⁻

3 Ω

-cm.

15. A method of manufacturing an electrochromic device, the method comprising:

forming an optically active layer onto a first transparent conductive layer, the first transparent conductive layer disposed on a portion of a transparent substrate;

depositing a second transparent conductive layer onto the optically active layer; and

patterning a conductive material into an array on the second transparent conductive layer to partition the electrochromic device into a plurality of electrochromic cells;

wherein the optically active layer is configured to alter an optical property in response to an applied electric field.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising bonding a transparent superstrate to the patterned conductive material.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the optically active layer comprises an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and an ion storage layer.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein patterning the conductive material into the array comprises:

depositing a precursor fluid onto the second transparent conductive layer using a process selected from rotogravure printing, ink-jet printing, screen-printing, and stamping.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein patterning the conductive material into the array comprises:

coating a photoresist layer onto the second transparent conductive layer;

exposing a portion of the photoresist layer to an electromagnetic radiation, the portion corresponding to a configuration of the array;

removing, after exposure to the electromagnetic radiation, the portion, thereby defining an opening through the photoresist layer;

depositing the conductive material onto the second transparent conductive layer through the opening; and

removing an unexposed portion of the photoresist layer from the second transparent conductive layer.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein exposing the portion of the layer of photoresist comprises receiving a beam of electromagnetic radiation from a laser writing system.