Autonomous two-layer predictive controller for bidirectional inductive power transfer in EV applications

• US 9,987,937 B1
• Filed: 12/20/2017
• Issued: 06/05/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 12/20/2017
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The Florida International University Board of Trustees (State University System of Florida)
• Original Assignee: The Florida International University Board of Trustees (State University System of Florida)
• Inventors: Mohamed, Ahmed A. S., Mohammed, Osama A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Fureman, Jared
• Assistant Examiner(s): Warmflash, Michael
• Application Number:
  US15/848,470
• Time in Patent Office: 167 Days
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/40 DC to AC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/12 Inductive energy transfer
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/126 Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/305 Communication interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/34 Plug-like or socket-like devices specially adapted for contactless inductive charging of electric vehicles positioning means for charging devices using inductive energy transfer B60L53/38
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 55/00 Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4257 Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/322 the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33584 Bidirectional converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33592 having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53878 by time shifting switching signals of one diagonal pair of the bridge with respect to the other diagonal pair
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/797 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 : Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 : Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 : Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/126 : the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Abstract

A two layer predictive controller for bidirectional inductive power transfer can include: a first layer controller generating a mutual inductance and a reference active power; and a second layer controller receiving the mutual inductance and the reference active power, and generating a primary phase shift, a secondary phase shift, and a differential phase shift; the primary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a primary inverter; the secondary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a secondary inverter; and the differential phase shift being a phase difference between the output voltage of the primary inverter and the output voltage of the secondary inverter.

Claims

1. A two layer predictive controller for bidirectional inductive power transfer, comprising:

a first layer controller generating a mutual inductance and a reference active power; and

a second layer controller receiving the mutual inductance and the reference active power, and generating a primary phase shift, a secondary phase shift, and a differential phase shift,

the primary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a primary inverter,

the secondary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a secondary inverter, and

the differential phase shift being a phase difference between the output voltage of the primary inverter and the output voltage of the secondary inverter.

2. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary pulse-phase modulator receiving the secondary phase shift and the differential phase shift, and generating a secondary switching signal for the secondary inverter.

3. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 2, the first layer controller receiving at least one of a battery management system data, an EV operator'"'"'s desire, and an open circuit voltage of a secondary side circuit including the secondary inverter.

4. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 3, further comprising a secondary communication gateway receiving an information from a primary side circuit including the primary inverter and providing the information to the first layer controller.

5. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 4, the first layer controller receiving the primary phase shift from the second layer controller and providing the primary phase shift to the secondary communication gateway.

6. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 5, the secondary communication gateway providing the primary phase shift to the primary side circuit through wireless communication.

7. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 6, the information including a retail price and data about a charging station.

8. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 6, the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at zero such that there is no power transfer between the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit when the reference active power is zero;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at −

90°

for charging at maximum power when the reference active power is negative;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at −

δ

_Q0 for charging at unity power factor when the reference active power is negative;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at 90°

for discharging at maximum power when the reference active power is positive; and

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at δ

_Q0 for discharging at unity power factor when the reference active power is positive.

9. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 6, the second layer controller setting the primary phase shift and the secondary phase shift to a maximum value of 180°

when the reference active power is out of a limit.

10. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 6, further comprising secondary driver receiving the secondary switching signal from the secondary pulse-phase modulator, boosting the secondary switching signal, and providing the boosted secondary switching signal to the secondary inverter.

11. A two layer predictive controller for bidirectional inductive power transfer comprising:

a first layer controller generating a mutual inductance and a reference active power;

a second layer controller receiving the mutual inductance and the reference active power, and generating a primary phase shift, a secondary phase shift, and a differential phase shift; and

a secondary pulse-phase modulator receiving the secondary phase shift and the differential phase shift, and generating a secondary switching signal for a secondary inverter of a secondary side circuit,

the mutual inductance estimated by the first layer controller based on an estimated primary coil current of a primary side circuit and a measured open circuit voltage of the secondary side circuit,

the primary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of a primary inverter of the primary side circuit,

the secondary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of the secondary inverter, and

the differential phase shift being a phase difference between the output voltage of the primary inverter and the output voltage of the secondary inverter.

12. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 11, the reference active power estimated by the first layer controller based on a charger retail price, an EV'"'"'s psychological price of a user of the secondary side circuit, and the EV'"'"'s operator desire.

13. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 12, the first layer controller generating the reference active power representing a discharging mode of the secondary side circuit when the charger retail price is higher than the psychological price, and the first layer controller generating the reference active power representing a charging mode of the secondary side circuit when the charger retail price is lower than the psychological price.

14. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 13, further comprising a secondary communication gateway receiving the primary phase shift from the second layer controller through the first layer controller, and providing the primary phase shift to the primary side circuit.

15. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 14, the first layer controller receiving a battery management system data, an owner'"'"'s desire, and the open circuit voltage of the secondary side circuit.

16. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 15, further comprising a primary pulse-phase modulator receiving the primary phase shift and generating a primary switching signal for the primary inverter.

17. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 16, further comprising a primary communication gateway receiving the primary phase shift from the secondary communication gateway through wireless communication and providing the primary phase shift to the primary pulse-phase modulator.

18. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 17, further comprising a primary driver receiving the primary switching signal, boosting the primary switching signal, and providing the boosted primary switching signal to the primary inverter;

and a secondary driver receiving the secondary switching signal, boosting the secondary switching signal, and providing the boosted secondary switching signal to the secondary inverter.

19. The two layer predictive controller according to claim 18, the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at zero such that there is no power transfer between the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit when the reference active power is zero;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at −

90°

for charging at maximum power when the reference active power is negative;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at −

δ

_Q0 for charging at unity power factor when the reference active power is negative;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at 90°

for discharging at maximum power when the reference active power is positive; and

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at δ

_Q0 for discharging at unity power factor when the reference active power is positive.

20. A two layer predictive controller system for bidirectional inductive power transfer, comprising:

a primary inverter;

a secondary inverter;

a wireless coupler coupling the primary inverter and the secondary inverter such that inductive power transfers bidirectionally between the primary inverter and the secondary inverter;

a first layer controller generating a mutual inductance of the wireless coupler and a reference active power;

a second layer controller receiving the mutual inductance and the reference active power, and generating a primary phase shift, a secondary phase shift, and a differential phase shift;

a secondary pulse-phase modulator receiving the secondary phase shift and the differential phase shift, and generating a secondary switching signal;

a secondary driver receiving the secondary switching signal, boosting the secondary switching signal, and providing the boosted secondary switching signal to the secondary inverter;

a secondary communication gateway receiving the primary phase shift from the second layer controller through the first layer controller;

a primary communication gateway receiving the primary phase shift from the secondary communication gateway through wireless communication;

a primary pulse-phase modulator receiving the primary phase shift from the primary communication gateway and generating a primary switching signal for a primary inverter; and

a primary driver receiving the primary switching signal, boosting the primary switching signal, and providing the boosted primary switching signal to the primary inverter,

the primary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of the primary inverter,

the secondary phase shift configured to manage a magnitude of an output voltage of the secondary inverter,

the differential phase shift being a phase difference between the output voltage of the primary inverter and the output voltage of the secondary inverter, and

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at zero such that there is no power transfer between the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit when the reference active power is zero;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at −

90°

for charging at maximum power when the reference active power is negative;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at −

δ

_Q0 for charging at unity power factor when the reference active power is negative;

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at 90°

for discharging at maximum power when the reference active power is positive; and

the second layer controller setting the differential phase shift at δ

_Q0 for discharging at unity power factor when the reference active power is positive.