Device detection through dynamic impedance change measurement

• US 9,995,777 B2
• Filed: 09/15/2014
• Issued: 06/12/2018
• Est. Priority Date: 02/14/2014
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Von Novak, III, William Henry, Wheeland, Cody Burton
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Vincent Q
• Application Number:
  US14/486,690
• Publication Number:
  US 20150233987A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,366 Days
• Field of Search: None
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 27/08 Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/40 Testing power supplies testing photovoltaic devices H02S50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/60 responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge

Abstract

Inventive aspects include systems, methods, and apparatuses for detecting placement of a wireless power receiver in a charging region of a wireless power transmitter. For example, the apparatus may include a transmit circuit comprising a transmit coil and be configured to wirelessly transmit power via a wireless filed applied to the charging region to a receive coil of the receiver. The apparatus may also include a detection circuit configured to detect a characteristic waveform resulting from the field that is applied to the charging region or changed between the transmit and receive coils, in response to the receiver being placed in the charging region.

Claims

1. A device for detecting placement of a wireless power receiver having a receiver capacitor in a charging region of a wireless power transmitter, comprising:

a transmit circuit comprising a transmit coil and configured to wirelessly transmit power via a wireless field applied to the charging region to a receive coil of the receiver during a first period and a second period; and

a detection circuit configured to i) detect a plurality of waveforms, of the transmit circuit, comprising a first waveform caused by a non-receiver object placed in the charging region and a second waveform that is a characteristic waveform caused by at least a charging pattern of the receiver capacitor in response to the receiver being placed in the charging region, ii) determine that the second waveform is the characteristic waveform of the receiver capacitor based on observing the charging pattern of the second waveform, and iii) determine whether the non-receiver object or the receiver is placed within the charging region based on detecting the first waveform or the second waveform.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the characteristic waveform is based at least in part on a change in impedance presented to the transmit circuit of the transmitter in response to the receiver being placed in the charging region.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the charging pattern is due to an impedance change pattern caused by a charging of the receiver capacitor of the receiver during the first period of the field.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the characteristic waveform represents a transmitter current.

5. The device of claim 4, wherein the transmitter current comprises a direct current (DC) into a power amplifier (PA) of the transmitter.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the characteristic waveform represents a transmitter voltage.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the transmitter voltage comprises a DC voltage supplied to a power amplifier (PA) of the transmitter.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the characteristic waveform represents a resistance as calculated based on a transmitter voltage and a transmitter current.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein the transmitter voltage comprises an alternating current (AC) and the transmitter current comprises an AC.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the AC voltage and the AC are measured at substantially a same point in an AC path.

11. The device of claim 9, wherein the AC is measured at a first point in the AC path, the AC having a known relation to, in at least one of amplitude or phase, a corresponding AC measured at a second point in the AC path where the AC voltage is measured.

12. The device of claim 8, wherein the transmitter voltage comprises a DC voltage and the transmitter current comprises a DC.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the DC voltage and the DC are measured at substantially a same point in a DC path.

14. The device of claim 12, wherein the DC is measured at a first point in a DC path, the DC having a known relation in value to a corresponding DC measured at a second point where the DC voltage is measured.

15. The device of claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is further configured to switch the transmitter from a power-save mode to a higher power mode, in response to the receiver being in the charging region.

16. The device of claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is further configured to detect a change in impedance presented to the transmitter, in response to the receiver being placed in the charging region, the receiver comprising receiver circuitry with a rectifier and the receiver capacitor in connected states, the receiver capacitor configured to charge during the first period of the field.

30. The device of claim 1, wherein the detection circuit is further configured to determine that the first waveform caused by the non-receiver object placed in the charging region is not representative of the wireless power receiver.

31. The device of claim 1, wherein the characteristic waveform comprises a waveform having a first level during the first period that is greater than a substantially steady state level of the waveform during the second time period.

17. A method for detecting placement of a wireless power receiver having a receiver capacitor in a charging region of a wireless power transmitter, comprising:

transmitting power via a wireless field applied to the charging region to a receive coil of the receiver via a transmit coil of a transmit circuit during a first period and a second period;

detecting a plurality of waveforms, of the transmit circuit, comprising a first waveform caused by a non-receiver object placed in the charging region and a second waveform that is a characteristic waveform caused by at least a charging pattern of the receiver capacitor in response to the receiver being placed in the charging region;

determining that the second waveform is the characteristic waveform of the receiver capacitor based on observing the charging pattern of the second waveform; and

determining whether the non-receiver object or the receiver is placed within the charging region based on detecting the first waveform or the second waveform.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein detecting the characteristic waveform comprises recognizing an impedance change pattern caused by a charging of the receiver capacitor of the receiver during initial application of the field.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein:

the characteristic waveform represents a resistance as calculated based on a transmitter voltage and a transmitter current.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the transmitter voltage comprises an AC voltage and the transmitter current comprises an alternating current (AC), and wherein detecting the characteristic waveform comprises measuring the AC voltage and the AC at substantially a same point in an AC path.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein detecting the characteristic waveform comprises measuring the AC at a first point in an AC path, the AC having a known relation to, in at least one of amplitude or phase, a corresponding AC measured at a second point in the AC path where the AC voltage is measured.

22. The method of claim 19, wherein the transmitter voltage comprises a DC voltage and the transmitter current comprises a DC, and detecting the characteristic waveform comprises measuring the DC at a first point in a DC path, the DC having a known relation in value to a corresponding DC measured at a second point where the DC voltage is measured.

23. The method of claim 17, further comprising switching the transmitter from a power-save mode to a higher power mode, in response to the receiver being in the charging region.

32. The method of claim 17, wherein the characteristic waveform comprises a waveform having a first level during the first period that is greater than a substantially steady state level of the waveform during the second time period.

24. An apparatus for detecting placement of a wireless power receiver having a receiver capacitor in a charging region, comprising:

means for transmitting power via a wireless field applied to the charging region to a receive coil of the receiver during a first period and a second period;

means for detecting a plurality of waveforms, of the means for transmitting power, comprising a first waveform caused by a non-receiver object placed in the charging region and a second waveform that is a characteristic waveform caused by at least a charging pattern of the receiver capacitor in response to the receiver being placed in the charging region;

means for determining that the second waveform is the characteristic waveform of the receiver capacitor based on observing the charging pattern of the second waveform; and

means for determining whether the non-receiver object or the receiver is placed within the charging region based on detecting the first waveform or the second waveform.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the means for detecting the characteristic waveform comprises means for recognizing an impedance change pattern caused by a charging of the receiver capacitor of the receiver during initial application of the field.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein:

the characteristic waveform represents a resistance as calculated based on a transmitter voltage and a transmitter current; and

the transmitter voltage comprises an AC voltage and the transmitter current comprises an AC.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the means for detecting the characteristic waveform comprises means for measuring the AC voltage and the AC at substantially a same point in an AC path.

28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the means for detecting the characteristic waveform comprises means for measuring the AC at a first point in an AC path, the AC having a known relation to, in at least one of amplitude or phase, a corresponding AC measured at a second point in the AC path where the AC voltage is measured.

33. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the characteristic waveform comprises a waveform having a first level during the first period that is greater than a substantially steady state level of the waveform during the second time period.

29. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising code that, when executed, causes an apparatus to:

transmit power via a wireless field applied to a charging region to a receive coil of a receiver via a transmit coil of a transmit circuit during a first period and a second period, the receiver having a receiver capacitor;

detect a plurality of waveforms, of the transmit circuit, comprising a first waveform caused by a non-receiver object placed in the charging region and a second waveform that is a characteristic waveform caused by at least a charging pattern of the receiver capacitor in response to the receiver being placed in the charging region;

determine that the second waveform is the characteristic waveform of the receiver capacitor based on observing the charging pattern of the second waveform; and

determine whether the non-receiver object or the receiver is placed within the charging region based on detecting the first waveform or the second waveform.

34. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 29, wherein the characteristic waveform comprises a waveform having a first level during the first period that is greater than a substantially steady state level of the waveform during the second time period.