Intellectual Ventures LLC, through Intellectual Ventures I LLC and Intellectual Ventures II LLC, has filed suit against Comerica (2:23-cv-00524), JP Morgan Chase (2:23-cv-00523), and Liberty Mutual (Comparion Insurance Agency, Ironshore Holdings) (2:23-cv-00525) over the provision of various financial (Comerica and JPMorgan Chase) and insurance (Liberty Mutual) products and services. At issue is the use of Docker, Kafka, Kubernetes, and/or Spark. Six patents are asserted in the case against JP Morgan Chase, four of those in the other two complaints, each of which was filed in the Eastern District of Texas, where Chief Judge Rodney Gilstrap presides.