DETECTING NEUROCHEMICAL OR ELECTRICAL SIGNALS WITHIN BRAIN TISSUE

• US 20120165634A1
• Filed: 08/26/2010
• Published: 06/28/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 08/26/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research (Mayo Clinic), University of Memphis Research Foundation
• Original Assignee: Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research (Mayo Clinic), University of Memphis
• Inventors: Lee, Kendall H., Bennet, Kevin E., Blaha, Charles D.
• Granted Patent: US 9,603,522 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 600/345
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/02 Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/043 in a linear array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/00 Measuring for diagnostic purposes radiation diagnosis A61B6/00; diagnosis by ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves A61B8/00; Identification of persons
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4064 Evaluating the brain A61B5/031, A61B5/369, A61B5/14553 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4082 Diagnosing or monitoring movement diseases, e.g. Parkinson, Huntington or Tourette
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6814 Head
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/05 for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode A61N1/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0531 Brain cortex electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0534 Electrodes for deep brain stimulation

Abstract

This document relates to methods and materials involved in detecting neurochemical signals, electrophysiological signals, ions, or combinations thereof with brain tissue. For example, methods and materials for using probes to detect neurochemical signals (e.g., neurotransmitter concentrations), electrical signals, or combinations thereof during deep brain stimulation are provided.

Claims

1. A probe comprising a first sensor having the ability to detect a first neurochemical and a second sensor having the ability to detect a second neurochemical, wherein said first and second neurochemicals are selected from the group consisting of dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, adenine mono- or tri-phosphate, norepinephrine, GABA, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, aspartate, epinephrine, nitric oxide, glycine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine, tyramine, and octopamine.

2. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect dopamine, a sensor having the ability to detect serotonin, a sensor having the ability to detect adenosine, a sensor having the ability to detect norepinephrine, a sensor having the ability to detect GABA, a sensor having the ability to detect histamine, a sensor having the ability to detect acetylcholine, and a sensor having the ability to detect glutamate.

3. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect pH.

4. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises an electrode capable of applying an electrical stimulus to brain tissue in a mammal.

5. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises an electrode capable of applying an electrical stimulus to the medial forebrain bundle of a brain of a mammal, wherein said electrical stimulus comprises a continuous or intermittent electrical stimulation.

6. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises a control unit.

7. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises a device capable of transmitting information to a processing unit.

8. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises a device capable of wirelessly transmitting information to a processing unit.

9. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises a device capable of receiving information from a processing unit.

10. The probe of claim 1, wherein said probe comprises a device capable of wirelessly receiving information from a processing unit.

11. A probe comprising a first sensor having the ability to detect a first ion and a second sensor having the ability to detect a second ion, wherein said first and second ions are selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, protons, iron, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, cobolt, gold, lithium, cesium, barium, zinc, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, bromide, iodide, sulfide, oxide, sulfide, and flouride.

12. A deep brain stimulation system comprising:

(a) a probe comprising a sensor capable of detecting a neurochemical or an ion and an electrode capable of applying an electrical stimulus to brain tissue, and

(b) a processing unit in wireless communication with said probe, wherein said processing unit is capable of receiving information from said probe about the level of said neurochemical and is capable of sending information to said probe about the level or timing of electrical stimulus to deliver to said brain tissue.

13. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 12, wherein said sensor is capable of detecting said neurochemical, and said neurochemical is selected from the group consisting of dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, adenine mono- or tri-phosphate, norepinephrine, GABA, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, aspartate, epinephrine, nitric oxide, glycine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine, tyramine, and octopamine.

14. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 12, wherein said sensor is capable of detecting said ion, and said ion is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, protons, iron, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, cobolt, gold, lithium, cesium, barium, zinc, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, bromide, iodide, sulfide, oxide, sulfide, and flouride.

15. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 12, wherein said probe comprises two or more sensors, wherein one of said two or more sensors is capable of detecting a first neurochemical or ion, and another of said two or more sensors is capable of detecting a second neurochemical or ion.

16. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 12, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect dopamine, a sensor having the ability to detect, a sensor having the ability to detect serotonin, a sensor having the ability to detect adenosine, a sensor having the ability to detect norepinephrine, a sensor having the ability to detect GABA, a sensor having the ability to detect histamine, a sensor having the ability to detect acetylcholine, and a sensor having the ability to detect glutamate.

17. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 12, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect pH.

18. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 12, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect electrical brain signals.

26. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 17, wherein said probe and said control unit are connected.

19. A deep brain stimulation system comprising:

(a) a probe comprising a sensor capable of detecting a neurochemical or ion and an electrode capable of applying an electrical stimulus to brain tissue, and

(b) a control unit in communication with said probe, wherein said control unit is capable of receiving information from said probe about the level of said neurochemical and is capable of sending information to said probe about the level or timing of electrical stimulus to deliver to said brain tissue.

20. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 19, wherein said sensor is capable of detecting said neurochemical, and wherein said neurochemical is selected from the group consisting of dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, adenine mono- or tri-phosphate, norepinephrine, GABA, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, aspartate, epinephrine, nitric oxide, glycine, tryptamine, phenylethylamine, tyramine, and octopamine.

21. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 19, wherein said sensor is capable of detecting said ion, and said ion is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, protons, iron, copper, chromium, lead, mercury, cobolt, gold, lithium, cesium, barium, zinc, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, bromide, iodide, sulfide, oxide, sulfide, and flouride.

22. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 19, wherein said probe comprises two or more sensors, wherein one of said two or more sensors is capable of detecting a first neurochemical or ion, and another of said two or more sensors is capable of detecting a second neurochemical or ion.

23. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 19, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect dopamine, a sensor having the ability to detect, a sensor having the ability to detect serotonin, a sensor having the ability to detect adenosine, a sensor having the ability to detect norepinephrine, a sensor having the ability to detect GABA, a sensor having the ability to detect histamine, a sensor having the ability to detect acetylcholine, and a sensor having the ability to detect glutamate.

24. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 19, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect pH.

25. The deep brain stimulation system of claim 19, wherein said probe comprises a sensor having the ability to detect electrical brain signals.