OXYGEN DIFFUSIVE WOUND DRESSINGS AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING AND USE

• US 20140107562A1
• Filed: 10/11/2012
• Published: 04/17/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/11/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Hanuman Pelican Inc.
• Original Assignee: Anubis LLC
• Inventors: STORRS, Richard W., DORIAN, Randy, IZVORSKI, Alexander B.
• Granted Patent: US 9,345,869 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 604/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/00991 for treating webs, e.g. for moisturising, coating, impregnating or applying powder
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/00995 for mechanical treatments
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/01021 characterised by the structure of the dressing
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/01029 made of multiple layers
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/01042 Absorbency
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/01046 Air-vapor permeability
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 13/05 specially adapted for use with sub-pressure or over-pressure therapy, wound drainage or wound irrigation, e.g. for use with negative-pressure wound therapy [NPWT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/915 Constructional details of the pressure distribution manifold
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/92 with liquid supply means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/94 with gas supply means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/985 the dressing itself forming the collection container
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0208 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2207/00 Methods of manufacture, assembly or production
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 35/30 Gas therapy for therapeutic treatment of the skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 37/00 Other apparatus for introducing media into the body for reproduction or fertilisation A61B17/425; apparatus for iontophoresis or cataphoresis A61N1/30; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin salt baths A61H33/04

Abstract

Oxygen diffusive wound dressings and methods of manufacturing and use are described herein. The wound dressing may generally provide a ready supply of oxygen to a wound being treated via one or more oxygen conduits which are designed to pass oxygen from ambient air or other oxygen reservoirs into proximity to the wound, and may also provide for exudate removal through transecting channels in fluid communication with both the wound surface and a hydrophilic absorbent material.

Claims

1. A wound dressing, comprising:

a hydrophilic absorbent material;

a hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which defines an open area for contacting a wound site and which at least partially encloses the hydrophilic absorbent material; and

at least one conduit having an oxygen-diffusive coating and a lumen which allows diffusion of oxygen or oxygenated fluid along its length,

wherein the at least one area of the conduit is positioned to extend exposed along the open area in contact with the wound surface and adjacent to the fluid absorbent material such that the wound surface and hydrophilic absorbent material are in fluid communication, and wherein the at least one channel has at least one portion further exposed to ambient air.

2. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope impedes water vapor transmission.

3. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising at least one multifilament fiber positioned through the at least one conduit.

4. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising at least one hydrophilic element interspersed with the at least one conduit.

5. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material is removable and/or replaceable from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

6. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 40 to 2000 micron.

7. The dressing of claim 6 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 80 to 260 micron.

8. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has a thickness of about 50 to 300 micron.

9. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating is comprised of silicone.

10. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating defines one or more micro-perforations which are sized to exclude aqueous fluid permeation via surface tension effects.

11. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has an external surface which is modified to be hydrophilic.

12. The dressing of claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope comprises an oxygen permeable material.

13. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising an access port upon the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic absorbent material.

14. The dressing of claim 13 further comprising a vacuum apparatus fluidly coupled to the access port for removing exudate from the wound dressing.

15. The dressing of claim 13 wherein the access port can be reversibly opened to permit evaporation of water from the hydrophilic absorbent material.

16. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising an adhesive border formed around a periphery of the wound dressing.

17. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising a drug, medicant or agent infused into the hydrophilic absorbent material.

18. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of additional conduits each having an oxygen-diffusive covering.

19. The dressing of claim 18 wherein the plurality of additional conduits are formed transversely relative to one another.

20. The dressing of claim 18 further comprising one or more oxygen permeable adhesive stripes formed transversely relative to lengths of the conduits.

21. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising a perforated or semi-permeable membrane over the open area for contacting the wound site.

22. The dressing of claim 21 further comprising one or more channels formed through the perforated or semi-permeable membrane and positioned to fluidly couple the wound site and the hydrophilic absorbent material.

23. The dressing of claim 21 wherein the perforated or semi-permeable membrane defines one or more ridges or notches to form the at least one conduit.

24. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the at least one conduit.

25. The dressing of claim 1 further comprising a treatment applied to the wound site selected from the group consisting of platelet gel, plasma concentrate, white cells, stem cells, skin grafts, and growth factors.

26. A wound dressing, comprising:

a hydrophilic absorbent material;

at least one conduit having an oxygen-diffusive coating and a lumen which allows diffusion of oxygen or oxygenated fluid along its length,

wherein at least one area of the conduit is positioned to extend in contact with a wound surface and adjacent to the hydrophilic absorbent material such that the wound surface and hydrophilic absorbent material are in fluid communication, and wherein the at least one conduit has at least one portion further exposed to ambient air.

27. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising a hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which defines an open area for contacting the wound site and which at least partially encloses the hydrophilic absorbent material, wherein the at least one area of the conduit is exposed along the open area for contact with the wound surface.

28. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope impedes water vapor transmission.

29. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising at least one multifilament fiber positioned through the at least one conduit.

30. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising at least one hydrophilic element interspersed with the at least one conduit.

31. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material is removable and/or replaceable from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

32. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 40 to 2000 micron.

33. The dressing of claim 32 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 80 to 260 micron.

34. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has a thickness of about 50 to 300 micron.

35. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating is comprised of silicone.

36. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating defines one or more micro-perforations which are sized to exclude aqueous fluid permeation via surface tension effects.

37. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has an external surface which is modified to be hydrophilic.

38. The dressing of claim 26 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope comprises an oxygen permeable material.

39. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising an access port upon the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic absorbent material.

40. The dressing of claim 39 further comprising a vacuum apparatus fluidly coupled to the access port for removing exudate from the wound dressing.

41. The dressing of claim 39 wherein the access port can be reversibly opened to permit evaporation of water from the hydrophilic absorbent material.

42. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising an adhesive border formed around a periphery of the wound dressing.

43. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising a drug, medicant or agent infused into the hydrophilic absorbent material.

44. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising a plurality of additional conduits each having an oxygen-diffusive covering.

45. The dressing of claim 44 wherein the plurality of additional conduits are formed transversely relative to one another.

46. The dressing of claim 44 further comprising one or more oxygen permeable adhesive stripes formed transversely relative to lengths of the conduits.

47. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising a perforated or semi-permeable membrane over the open area for contacting the wound site.

48. The dressing of claim 47 further comprising one or more channels formed through the perforated or semi-permeable membrane and positioned to fluidly couple the wound site and the hydrophilic absorbent material.

49. The dressing of claim 47 wherein the perforated or semi-permeable membrane defines one or more ridges or notches to form the at least one conduit.

50. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the at least one conduit.

51. The dressing of claim 26 further comprising a treatment applied to the wound site selected from the group consisting of platelet gel, plasma concentrate, white cells, stem cells, skin grafts, and growth factors.

52. A wound dressing, comprising:

a hydrophilic absorbent material;

a vapor barrier envelope which defines an open area for contacting a wound site and which at least partially encloses the hydrophilic absorbent material; and

at least one conduit having an oxygen-diffusive coating and a lumen which allows diffusion of oxygen or oxygenated fluid along its length,

wherein the at least one area of the conduit is positioned to extend exposed along the open area in contact with the wound surface and adjacent to the fluid absorbent material such that the wound surface and hydrophilic absorbent material are in fluid communication, and wherein the at least one channel is in fluid communication with an oxygen reservoir.

53. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the reservoir is filled with an oxygenated fluid or oxygen-containing gas.

54. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the reservoir produces oxygen via a chemical reaction.

55. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the reservoir is pressurized.

56. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising at least one multifilament fiber positioned through the at least one conduit.

57. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising at least one hydrophilic element interspersed with the at least one conduit.

58. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material is removable and/or replaceable from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

59. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 40 to 2000 micron.

60. The dressing of claim 59 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 80 to 260 micron.

61. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has a thickness of about 50 to 300 micron.

62. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating is comprised of silicone.

63. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating defines one or more micro-perforations which are sized to exclude aqueous fluid permeation via surface tension effects.

64. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has an external surface which is modified to be hydrophilic.

65. The dressing of claim 52 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope comprises an oxygen permeable material.

66. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising an access port upon the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic absorbent material.

67. The dressing of claim 66 further comprising a vacuum apparatus fluidly coupled to the access port for removing exudate from the wound dressing.

68. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising an adhesive border formed around a periphery of the wound dressing.

69. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising a drug, medicant or agent infused into the hydrophilic absorbent material.

70. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising a plurality of additional conduits each having an oxygen-diffusive covering.

71. The dressing of claim 70 wherein the plurality of additional conduits are formed transversely relative to one another.

72. The dressing of claim 70 further comprising one or more oxygen permeable adhesive stripes formed transversely relative to lengths of the conduits.

73. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising a perforated or semi-permeable membrane over the open area for contacting the wound site.

74. The dressing of claim 73 further comprising one or more channels formed through the perforated or semi-permeable membrane and positioned to fluidly couple the wound site and the hydrophilic absorbent material.

75. The dressing of claim 73 wherein the perforated or semi-permeable membrane defines one or more ridges or notches to form the at least one conduit.

76. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the at least one conduit.

77. The dressing of claim 52 further comprising a treatment applied to the wound site selected from the group consisting of platelet gel, plasma concentrate, white cells, stem cells, skin grafts, and growth factors.

78. A wound dressing, comprising:

a hydrophilic absorbent material;

at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit extending therethrough or adjacent therealong; and

a hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which defines an open area for contacting a wound site and which at least partially encloses the hydrophilic absorbent material,

wherein at least a portion of the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit is positioned to extend exposed along the open area in contact with the wound surface and adjacent to the hydrophilic absorbent material such that the wound surface and hydrophilic absorbent material are in fluid communication, and

wherein the at least one area of the at least one oxygen conductive conduit is in contact with ambient air and is permeable to oxygen.

79. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising at least one multifilament fiber positioned through the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit.

80. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising at least one hydrophilic element interspersed with the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit.

81. The dressing of claim 78 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material is removable and/or replaceable from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

82. The dressing of claim 78 wherein the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit comprises a diameter range from 40 to 2000 micron.

83. The dressing of claim 82 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 80 to 260 micron.

84. The dressing of claim 78 wherein the oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit has a thickness of about 50 to 300 micron.

85. The dressing of claim 78 wherein the oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit is comprised of silicone.

86. The dressing of claim 78 wherein the oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit defines one or more micro-perforations which are sized to exclude aqueous fluid permeation via surface tension effects.

87. The dressing of claim 78 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has an external surface which is modified to be hydrophilic.

88. The dressing of claim 78 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope comprises an oxygen permeable material.

89. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising an access port upon the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic absorbent material.

90. The dressing of claim 89 further comprising a vacuum apparatus fluidly coupled to the access port for removing exudate from the wound dressing.

91. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising an adhesive border formed around a periphery of the wound dressing.

92. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising a drug, medicant or agent infused into the hydrophilic absorbent material.

93. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising a plurality of additional conduits each having an oxygen-diffusive covering.

94. The dressing of claim 93 wherein the plurality of additional conduits are formed transversely relative to one another.

95. The dressing of claim 93 further comprising one or more oxygen permeable adhesive stripes formed transversely relative to lengths of the conduits.

96. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising a perforated or semi-permeable membrane over the open area for contacting the wound site.

97. The dressing of claim 96 further comprising one or more channels formed through the perforated or semi-permeable membrane and positioned to fluidly couple the wound site and the hydrophilic absorbent material.

98. The dressing of claim 96 wherein the perforated or semi-permeable membrane defines one or more ridges or notches to form the at least one conduit.

99. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the at least one conduit.

100. The dressing of claim 78 further comprising a treatment applied to the wound site selected from the group consisting of platelet gel, plasma concentrate, white cells, stem cells, skin grafts, and growth factors.

101. A wound dressing, comprising:

a hydrophilic absorbent material;

at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit extending therethrough or adjacent therealong; and

a hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which defines an open area for contacting a wound site and which at least partially encloses the hydrophilic absorbent material,

wherein the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit is positioned to extend exposed along the open area in contact with the wound surface and adjacent to the fluid absorbent material such that the wound surface and hydrophilic absorbent material are in fluid communication, and

wherein the at least one oxygen conductive conduit is fluidly coupled to an oxygen reservoir.

102. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising at least one multifilament fiber positioned through the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit.

103. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising at least one hydrophilic element interspersed with the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit.

104. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material is removable and/or replaceable from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

105. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the at least one oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit comprises a diameter range from 40 to 2000 micron.

106. The dressing of claim 105 wherein the at least one conduit comprises a diameter range from 80 to 260 micron.

107. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit has a thickness of about 50 to 300 micron.

108. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit is comprised of silicone.

109. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the oxygen conductive hydrophobic conduit defines one or more micro-perforations which are sized to exclude aqueous fluid permeation via surface tension effects.

110. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating has an external surface which is modified to be hydrophilic.

111. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope comprises an oxygen permeable material.

112. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising an access port upon the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic absorbent material.

113. The dressing of claim 112 further comprising a vacuum apparatus fluidly coupled to the access port for removing exudate from the wound dressing.

114. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising an adhesive border formed around a periphery of the wound dressing.

115. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising a drug, medicant or agent infused into the hydrophilic absorbent material.

116. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising a plurality of additional conduits each having an oxygen-diffusive covering.

117. The dressing of claim 116 wherein the plurality of additional conduits are formed transversely relative to one another.

118. The dressing of claim 116 further comprising one or more oxygen permeable adhesive stripes formed transversely relative to lengths of the conduits.

119. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising a perforated or semi-permeable membrane over the open area for contacting the wound site.

120. The dressing of claim 119 further comprising one or more channels formed through the perforated or semi-permeable membrane and positioned to fluidly couple the wound site and the hydrophilic absorbent material.

121. The dressing of claim 119 wherein the perforated or semi-permeable membrane defines one or more ridges or notches to form the at least one conduit.

122. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the at least one conduit.

123. The dressing of claim 101 further comprising a treatment applied to the wound site selected from the group consisting of platelet gel, plasma concentrate, white cells, stem cells, skin grafts, and growth factors.

124. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the reservoir is filled with an oxygenated fluid or oxygen-containing gas.

125. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the reservoir produces oxygen via a chemical reaction.

126. The dressing of claim 101 wherein the reservoir is pressurized.

127. A wound dressing, comprising:

at least one conduit having an oxygen-diffusive coating and a lumen which allows diffusion of oxygen or oxygenated fluid along its length,

wherein the conduit defines a wound contact region for contact with a wound surface and an oxygen absorption region which extends beyond the wound surface and is exposed to ambient air.

128. The dressing of claim 127 further comprising:

a hydrophilic absorbent material which is in fluid communication with the wound surface; and

a hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which defines an open area for contacting the wound site and which at least partially encloses the hydrophilic absorbent material.

129. The dressing of claim 128 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope impedes water vapor transmission.

130. The dressing of claim 128 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material is removable and/or replaceable from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

131. The dressing of claim 127 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating is comprised of silicone.

132. The dressing of claim 127 further comprising an adhesive border formed around a periphery of the wound dressing.

133. A method of treating a wound, comprising:

providing a wound dressing having a hydrophilic absorbent material, a hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which defines an open area for contacting a wound site and which at least partially encloses the hydrophilic absorbent material, and at least one conduit having an oxygen-diffusive coating;

placing the open area upon the wound site such that the at least one conduit is in contact against the wound site and the wound site and hydrophilic absorbent material are in fluid communication; and

diffusing oxygen from the at least one conduit and through the oxygen-diffusive coating to the wound site.

134. The method of claim 133 wherein the at least one conduit is positioned to extend exposed along the open area and adjacent to the hydrophilic absorbent material.

135. The method of claim 133 further wicking exudate from the wound site to the hydrophilic absorbent material.

136. The method of claim 133 wherein placing the open area upon the wound site comprises maintaining a separation between the hydrophilic absorbent material and the wound site.

137. The method of claim 133 wherein the at least one conduit comprises at least one coated multifilament fiber positioned through the at least one conduit.

138. The method of claim 137 wherein prior to providing a wound dressing, permeating the multifilament fiber with a fluid to transiently obstruct the open inter-filament spaces before applying the oxygen diffusive coating.

139. The method of claim 133 wherein the wound dressing further comprises at least one hydrophilic element interspersed with the at least one conduit.

140. The method of claim 133 wherein the oxygen-diffusive coating is comprised of silicone.

141. The method of claim 133 further removing excess exudate from the wound site via an access port upon the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope which is in fluid communication with the hydrophilic absorbent material.

142. The method of claim 141 wherein removing excess exudate comprises suctioning the exudate from the wound site.

143. The method of claim 133 wherein placing the open area upon the wound site comprises adhering the wound dressing around a periphery of the wound site via an adhesive border.

144. The method of claim 133 further comprising infusing a drug, medicant or agent into the hydrophilic absorbent material.

145. The method of claim 133 further comprising inhibiting evaporation from the hydrophilic absorbent material via the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

146. The method of claim 133 comprising an oxygen delivery system comprising pumping an oxygen-rich fluid through the at least one conduit via a pump or pressurized reservoir.

147. The method of claim 133 further comprising applying a treatment to the wound site selected from the group consisting of platelet gel, plasma concentrate, white cells, stem cells, skin grafts, and growth factors.

148. The method of claim 147 wherein the treatment is applied prior to, during, or after placing the open area upon the wound site.

149. The method of claim 133 further comprising removing the hydrophilic absorbent material from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope.

150. The method of claim 149 wherein the hydrophilic absorbent material is removed from the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope while maintaining the open area upon the wound site.

151. A method of forming a wound dressing, comprising:

passing a length of multi-filament fiber through a coating solution such that the fiber is coated via the solution while maintaining continuous inter-filament spaces through the fiber;

arranging the length of coated fiber to align in parallel upon a supporting frame such that a coated fiber array is formed;

securing the coated fiber array via one or more adhesive stripes placed transversely relative to a length of the coated fiber;

removing the coated fiber array from the supporting frame;

positioning the coated fiber array between an open area of a hydrophilic absorbent material envelope and a hydrophilic absorbent material such that the hydrophilic absorbent material is positioned at a distance from the open area; and

securing the hydrophilic absorbent material envelope such that the hydrophilic absorbent material is sealed therein while the coated fiber array remains exposed.

152. The method of claim 151 wherein the coating solution comprises a silicone solution.

153. The method of claim 151 wherein arranging the length of coated fiber comprises arranging the coated fiber upon a plurality of substrates having a resin film thereupon.

154. The method of claim 153 wherein arranging the length of coated fiber comprises arranging positioning the coated fiber upon a rotatable spool.

155. The method of claim 154 wherein positioning the coated fiber comprises forming a gap between each adhesive stripe when positioned upon the rotatable spool.

156. The method of claim 151 wherein removing the coated fiber array comprises cutting a length of the coated fiber array.

157. The method of claim 151 wherein arranging the length of coated fiber further comprises aligning a length of hydrophilic multi-filament fiber adjacent to the length of coated fiber.

158. The method of claim 157 wherein the coated fibers and hydrophilic fibers are intertwined, woven, or knit.

159. The method of claim 151 further comprising wetting the length of filament prior to passing a length of filament through an oxygen permeable coating solution.

160. The method of claim 151 further comprising introducing a drug or agent into the hydrophilic absorbent material prior to securing vapor barrier.

161. The method of claim 151 further comprising introducing a drug or agent into the hydrophilic absorbent material through a port defined along the vapor barrier.

162. The method of claim 151 further comprising forming a border around a periphery of the wound dressing.

163. The method of claim 151 further comprising micro-perforating the coated fiber array prior to positioning the coated fiber array.

164. The method of claim 151 further comprising modifying an external surface of the coated fiber array such that the external surface is hydrophilic.