ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM CONTROL WITH MEASUREMENT OF ENERGY DEMAND AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY USING T-DISTRIBUTIONS

• US 20140277814A1
• Filed: 02/28/2014
• Published: 09/18/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Dominion Energy, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Dominion Resources Incorporated
• Inventors: Tyler, Stephen J., Hall, Edmund J.
• Granted Patent: US 9,563,218 B2
• Time in Patent Office: Days
• US Class Current: 700/298
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 21/00 Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor G01R7/12 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/66 Regulating electric power
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00004 characterised by the power network being locally controlled
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00016 using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00017 using optical fiber
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00022 using wireless data transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00024 by means of mobile telephony
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00026 involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00034 the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/12 The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/60 Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/00 Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/003 Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/14 by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/24 Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks by control effected upon a single generator H02P9/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/3225 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 40/70 Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/50 Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/222 Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/124 : using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 40/126 : using wireless data transmission

Abstract

A method, apparatus, system and computer program is provided for controlling an electric power system, including implementation of voltage measurement using paired t statistical analysis applied to calculating a shift in average usage per customer from one time period to another time period for a given electrical use population where the pairing process is optimized using a novel technique to improve the accuracy of the statistical measurement.

Claims

1. A voltage control and energy conservation system measurement technique using paired t distributions to calculate without the use of weather normalization the change in energy use or improvement in conservation performance in energy reduction on a system, comprising:

an electrical energy delivery system with a substation configured as an electrical supply system supplying power through an electrical distribution system to an electrical usage system for use by electrical usage devices at a plurality of user locations;

a meter located at the substation and at least one of the plurality of user locations and configured to generate smart meter data based on a measured component of electrical power received by the smart meter; and

a voltage controller configured to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the smart meter data,

wherein the substation is further configured to adjust a voltage set point value of the electrical power supplied to the plurality of user locations based on the energy delivery parameter, and

wherein the voltage and energy are measured on an interval basis using an energy validation process the change in energy characteristics such as the CVR factor and the energy savings between the voltage at the CVR “

ON”

set point and the CVR “

OFF”

set point are measured using a paired t measurement using an optimized pairing process to determine the CVR factor and the energy usage improvement for the electrical energy delivery system.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the pairing process comprises:

An additional process that breaks the paired t process into measurements of CVR factor and conservation energy savings by season and uses a novel technique of using linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be most accurately calculated.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the substation is further configured to adjust a voltage set point value of the electrical power supplied at the supply point to the plurality of user locations based on the change in energy characteristics.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the voltage controller further configured to adjust the energy delivery parameter based on the change in energy characteristics.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein each meter'"'"'s data is averaged over the interval.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the wherein the interval is a period of twenty-four hours.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the interval is a period of four hours.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the interval is a period of one hour.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the pairing process comprises an additional process that breaks the paired t process into measurements of conservation voltage reduction factor and conservation energy savings by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated accurately, within predetermined limits.

3. A voltage control and energy conservation system using paired t distributions to calculate the change in energy use or improvement in conservation performance in energy reduction on a system, comprising:

an electrical energy delivery system with a substation configured as an electrical supply system supplying power through an electrical distribution system to an electrical usage system for use by electrical usage devices at a plurality of user locations;

a plurality of meters, including a meter located at a supply point at the substation, and at least one meter located at a respective at least one of the plurality of user locations and configured to generate meter data based on a measured component of electrical power received by the meter;

a voltage controller configured to operate in a conservation-voltage-reduction-on state or in a conservation-voltage-reduction-off state;

wherein the voltage controller applies conservation voltage reduction to generate a conservation voltage reduction energy delivery parameter based on the meter data when the controller is in the conservation-voltage-reduction-on state, but not when the controller is in the conservation-voltage-reduction-off state;

wherein the substation is further configured to adjust a voltage set point value of the electrical power supplied at the supply point to the plurality of user locations based on the energy delivery parameter; and

wherein the voltage and energy are measured by the meters on an interval basis using an energy validation process, the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off being determined using a paired t measurement.

13. A control system for an electric power transmission and distribution grid configured to supply electric power from a supply point to a plurality of user locations, the system comprising:

a plurality of sensors, wherein each sensor is located at a respective one of a plurality of distribution locations on the distribution grid at or between the supply point and at least one of the plurality of user locations, and wherein each sensor is configured to sense a component of the supplied electric power at the respective distribution location and to generate measurement data based on the sensed component of the power;

a controller configured to receive measurement data from the plurality of sensors, and to operate the electric power transmission and distribution grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state;

wherein the controller applies the modification to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the meter data;

a component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;

wherein the controller is configured determine, using an energy validation process, the change in energy characteristics between the modification-on state and the modification-off state, using a paired t measurement.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller applies the modification to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the meter data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is measured by the meters on an interval basis.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid adjusting device comprises:

a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient;

or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on the energy delivery parameter.

19. The system of claim 13 wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor.

20. The system of claim 13, wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings.

21. The system of claim 15, wherein each meter'"'"'s data is averaged over the interval.

22. The system of claim 15, wherein the wherein the interval is a period of twenty-four hours.

23. The system of claim 15, wherein the interval is a period of four hours.

24. The system of claim 15, wherein the interval is a period of one hour.

25. The system of claim 13, wherein the pairing process comprises an additional process that breaks the paired t process into measurements of conservation voltage reduction factor and conservation energy savings by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated accurately, within predetermined limits.

26. The system of claim 16, wherein the controller is configured to adjust the voltage based on the change in energy characteristic.

27. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to use the paired t p-factor to eliminate data having values outside of corresponding predetermined normalized ranges of values to determine measurement accuracy.

28. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to determining the change in energy characteristic based on a first variable.

29. The system of claim 28, wherein the first variable is season, grouped hour, or customer type.

30. The system of claim 28, wherein the controller is configured to provide a second pairing variable that is secondary to the first pairing variable, to pair the first variable values to the closest modification-off to modification-on values, and determining a weighed scoring of the pairs based on the relative slopes of the linear relationship between the first and second respective variables.

31. The system of claim 13, wherein the controller is configured to exclude data that is affected by non-efficiency variables.

32. A method for controlling electrical power supplied to a plurality of distribution locations located at or between a supply point and at least one user location, each of the plurality of distribution locations including at least one sensor configured to sense a voltage of the supplied electric power at the respective distribution location and generate measurement data based on the sensed voltage, the method comprising:

controlling the electric power transmission and distribution grid in a modification-on state or in a modification-off state;

wherein a controller applies the modification to generate an energy delivery parameter based on the meter data when the controller is in the modification-on state, but not when the controller is in the modification-off state;

operating an component adjusting device configured to adjust a component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid in response to the energy delivery parameter;

measuring the component of the supplied electric power with the meters on an interval basis using an energy validation process, and determining the change in energy characteristics between the voltage conservation-voltage-reduction-on state and the conservation-voltage-reduction-off being using a paired t measurement.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the component of the supplied electric power is voltage.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein the modification is conservation voltage reduction.

35. The method of claim 32, wherein the component of the electric power transmission and distribution grid adjusting device comprises:

a load tap change transformer that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on a load tap change coefficient;

or a voltage regulator that adjusts the voltage of the electric power supplied at the supply point based on the energy delivery parameter.

36. The method of claim 32 wherein the energy characteristic is the conservation voltage reduction factor.

37. The method of claim 32, wherein the energy characteristic is the energy savings.

38. The method of claim 32, wherein each meter'"'"'s data is averaged over the interval.

39. The method of claim 32, wherein the wherein the interval is a period of twenty-four hours.

40. The method of claim 32, wherein the interval is a period of four hours.

41. The method of claim 32, wherein the interval is a period of one hour.

42. The method of claim 32, wherein the pairing process comprises an additional process that breaks the paired t process into measurements of conservation voltage reduction factor and conservation energy savings by season and uses linear regression constants to determine the blocks of hours where consistent loads exist and paired t comparisons can be calculated accurately, within predetermined limits.